El giro ontológico de la crítica y el origen de la deconstrucción

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12/2024
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Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Filosofía e Ciências Humanas
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Ekstasis
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2316-4786
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El presente trabajo intenta reconstruir el largo camino que conduce al concepto y experiencia de la deconstrucción, tal como la formula Derrida (1967) retomando las nociones de Abbau y Destruktion de Husserl y Heidegger respectivamente. La fenomenología, particularmente en su variante heideggeriana, produce una torsión y una suerte de viraje ontológico de la filosofía trascendental de cuño kantiano: el método analítico, intrínseco a la filosofía desde sus orígenes griegos, adquiere en Kant (así como en otros pensadores inmediatamente posteriores a él) un matiz crítico que, eventualmente, conduce a la pregunta por la manera en que el sentido se constituye y disemina en la construcción de mundos y verdades. Es posible seguir el hilo genético que une análisis-crítica-deconstrucción mostrando las continuidades y rupturas que esta fuerza del pensamiento posee –sobre todo en la figura de Heidegger, quien funciona como pensador bisagra entre un pensar metafísico y un pensar-otro diferencial.
The present work attempts to reconstruct the long road that leads to the concept and experience of deconstruction, as Derrida (1967) formulates retaking the notions of Abbau and Destruktion of Husserl and Heidegger respectively. Phenomenology, particularly in its Heideggerian variant, produces a torsion (Kehre) and a kind of ontological turn of the Kantian-style transcendental philosophy: the analytical method, intrinsic to philosophy since its Greek origins, acquires in Kant (as well as in other immediately subsequent thinkers to him) a critical nuance that eventually leads to the question of the way in which meaning is constituted and disseminated in the construction of worlds and truths. It is possible to follow the genetic thread that unites analysis-critic-deconstruction, showing the continuities and ruptures that this force of thought possesses –especially in the figure of Heidegger, thinker who hinges between a metaphysical thinking and an anotherthinking.
The present work attempts to reconstruct the long road that leads to the concept and experience of deconstruction, as Derrida (1967) formulates retaking the notions of Abbau and Destruktion of Husserl and Heidegger respectively. Phenomenology, particularly in its Heideggerian variant, produces a torsion (Kehre) and a kind of ontological turn of the Kantian-style transcendental philosophy: the analytical method, intrinsic to philosophy since its Greek origins, acquires in Kant (as well as in other immediately subsequent thinkers to him) a critical nuance that eventually leads to the question of the way in which meaning is constituted and disseminated in the construction of worlds and truths. It is possible to follow the genetic thread that unites analysis-critic-deconstruction, showing the continuities and ruptures that this force of thought possesses –especially in the figure of Heidegger, thinker who hinges between a metaphysical thinking and an anotherthinking.
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