El ejercicio profesional de la arquitectura en el primer peronismo (1943–1955): Una relación comprometida entre el conflicto y la negociación

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Fecha
08/2011
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Universidad de Tel Aviv. Escuela de Historia. Instituto de Historia y Cultura de América Latina
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Estudios Interdisciplinarios de América Latina y el Caribe
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0792-7061
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Este artículo expone los resultados alcanzados a través de investigación histórica para explicar el ejercicio profesional de los arquitectos durante el primer gobierno peronista. Para ello partimos del análisis del campo disciplinar y profesional de la arquitectura en ese período y de las relaciones que fueron estableciendo sus agentes con diferentes actores o instituciones del poder gubernamental. Hemos utilizado la prensa técnica como fuente documental principal, la cual ha sido interpretada a partir del saber histórico del período y en cuyo análisis se han utilizado aportaciones teóricas de la semiótica y la sociología. Los principales ejes de confrontación negociación giraron en torno de las modalidades del ejercicio profesional (liberal o en la burocracia del Estado), la realización de la obra pública, la regulación de la obra privada, y las modificaciones introducidas en el sistema de formación profesional. Desde una perspectiva global, podemos advertir el desarrollo de relaciones conflictivas entre el gobierno peronista y las asociaciones profesionales, un espacio de tensión que en el caso de los arquitectos presentó características específicas y efectos significativos en las ciudades de todo el país, por el especial peso de la obra pública dentro del programa político y la resolución material y simbólica de la arquitectura de Estado.
This article sets out the results reached through naked historical investigation that aim to explain the key of a conflicting relation: the one that settled down between the corporation of architects, represented by its associations and institutions and the first Peronist government. For it we left from the analysis of the field of the profession and the discipline of the architecture in that period and the relations that were establishing their agents with the governmental power. We have used the technical press like main documentary source, which has been interpreted from the historical knowledge of the period and in whose analysis have been used theoretical contributions of the semiotics and sociology. The main axes of confrontation negotiation turned about the professional exercise as far as the accomplishment of the public work, the regulation of the deprived work, and the modifications introduced in the system of professional formation. From a global perspective, we can notice the development of conflicting relations between the Peronist government and the professional associations. This tension space, in the case of the architects, presented specific characteristics and significant effects in the cities of all the country, by the special importance of the public work within the political program and the material and symbolic resolution of the architecture of State.
This article sets out the results reached through naked historical investigation that aim to explain the key of a conflicting relation: the one that settled down between the corporation of architects, represented by its associations and institutions and the first Peronist government. For it we left from the analysis of the field of the profession and the discipline of the architecture in that period and the relations that were establishing their agents with the governmental power. We have used the technical press like main documentary source, which has been interpreted from the historical knowledge of the period and in whose analysis have been used theoretical contributions of the semiotics and sociology. The main axes of confrontation negotiation turned about the professional exercise as far as the accomplishment of the public work, the regulation of the deprived work, and the modifications introduced in the system of professional formation. From a global perspective, we can notice the development of conflicting relations between the Peronist government and the professional associations. This tension space, in the case of the architects, presented specific characteristics and significant effects in the cities of all the country, by the special importance of the public work within the political program and the material and symbolic resolution of the architecture of State.
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