Físicos y químicos frente a la naciente teoría atómica

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Fecha
12/2023
Editorial
Asociación de Profesores de Física de Argentina
Revista
Revista de Enseñanza de la Física
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ISSN
0326-7091
eISSN
2250-6101
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Español
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Resumen
La teoría atómica moderna nace en 1808 de la mano de Dalton y luego de algunos ajustes fue ampliamente usada por los químicos para explicar las reacciones químicas. A mediados del siglo XIX era usada para entender la estructura de moléculas orgánicas, mientras que entre los físicos la concepción atomista de la materia recién daba sus primeros pasos con Maxwell y la teoría cinética de los gases. Boltzmann continuó en esa línea y se enfrentó a figuras influyentes de su época que se resistían a la existencia de los átomos. Finalmente, a principios del siglo XX varios experimentos y en particular los de Perrin sobre movimiento browniano convencieron finalmente a los físicos de su existencia. Curiosamente, la comunidad de los químicos se adelantó medio siglo a los físicos en aceptar la teoría atómica. Este artículo discute y analiza esta peculiar historia.
The modern atomic theory emerged in 1808 with the work of Dalton, and following subsequent refinements, it found widespread adoption among chemists for elucidating chemical reactions. By the mid-19th century, it was employed to comprehend the structural characteristics of organic molecules within the domain of chemistry. In contrast, within the realm of physics, the atomistic conception of matter was just beginning to take its initial steps, championed by figures such as Maxwell and the kinetic theory of gases. Progressing along this trajectory, Boltzmann engaged with prominent contemporaneous figures who exhibited reluctance toward acknowledging the existence of atoms. Ultimately, at the turn of the 20th century, a series of experiments, notably those conducted by Perrin on Brownian motion, conclusively persuaded physicists of the reality of atoms. Intriguingly, the community of chemists had anticipated physicists by half a century in embracing the atomic theory. This article discusses and analyzes this curious story.
The modern atomic theory emerged in 1808 with the work of Dalton, and following subsequent refinements, it found widespread adoption among chemists for elucidating chemical reactions. By the mid-19th century, it was employed to comprehend the structural characteristics of organic molecules within the domain of chemistry. In contrast, within the realm of physics, the atomistic conception of matter was just beginning to take its initial steps, championed by figures such as Maxwell and the kinetic theory of gases. Progressing along this trajectory, Boltzmann engaged with prominent contemporaneous figures who exhibited reluctance toward acknowledging the existence of atoms. Ultimately, at the turn of the 20th century, a series of experiments, notably those conducted by Perrin on Brownian motion, conclusively persuaded physicists of the reality of atoms. Intriguingly, the community of chemists had anticipated physicists by half a century in embracing the atomic theory. This article discusses and analyzes this curious story.
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