Lugares, memorias y silencios: Relatos de la vida en la estancia El Leoncito en el Valle de Calingasta (San Juan, Argentina)

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Fecha
08/2026
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela Interdisciplinaria de Alto Estudios Sociales. Centro de Estudios en Antropología
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Etnografías Contemporáneas
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2451-8050
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La estancia El Leoncito estaba ubicada al sur de la provincia de San Juan (Argentina), al pie de la cordillera de los Andes. Esta unidad agroganadera funcionó desde el siglo XVIII hasta fines del siglo XX. Aunque la expropiación formal de las tierras se realizó en 1979, las actividades productivas continuaron hasta mediados de la década de 1990. La creación de la Reserva Natural Estricta en 1994 −y su posterior recategorización como Parque Nacional en 2002− marcó el inicio del desplazamiento de las familias que residían y trabajaban allí. La instalación previa de dos centros astronómicos −el Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito y la Estación Astronómica Carlos U. Cesco− había sustentado el interés estatal en asegurar la calidad del cielo en la zona. En años recientes, la Administración de Parques Nacionales implementó una política cultural destinada a poner en valor la historia de la estancia mediante entrevistas y encuentros con antiguos pobladores. Desde una perspectiva etnográfica, este artículo examina las memorias de quienes habitaron el lugar antes de la creación del parque nacional, con atención a las formas en que recuerdan y narran su experiencia en la antigua estancia. Se analiza cómo la memoria colectiva se transmite mediante objetos que vehiculizan recuerdos y olvidos, el papel de los silencios y la emergencia de sentidos que cuestionan el accionar institucional. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre la construcción del lugar a partir de memorias compartidas y significados en circulación.
El Leoncito ranch was located in the south of the province of San Juan (Argentina), at the foothills of the Andes mountain range. This agricultural– livestock estate operated from the eighteenth century until the late twentieth century. Although the formal expropriation of the land took place in 1979, productive activities continued until the mid-1990s. The creation of the Strict Nature Reserve in 1994 −and its subsequent reclassification as a National Park in 2002− marked the beginning of the displacement of the families who lived and worked there. The prior establishment of two astronomical centers −the El Leoncito Astronomical Complex and the Carlos U. Cesco Astronomical Station− had underpinned the state’s interest in ensuring the quality of the sky in the area. In recent years, the National Parks Administration has implemented a cultural policy aimed at highlighting the history of the ranch through interviews and meetings with former residents. From an ethnographic perspective, this article examines the memories of those who inhabited the place before the creation of the national park, focusing on how they remember and narrate their experience on the former ranch. It analyses how collective memory is transmitted through objects that mediate remembrance and forgetting, the role of silences, and the emergence of meanings that question institutional actions. Finally, it reflects on the construction of place through shared memories and circulating meanings.
El Leoncito ranch was located in the south of the province of San Juan (Argentina), at the foothills of the Andes mountain range. This agricultural– livestock estate operated from the eighteenth century until the late twentieth century. Although the formal expropriation of the land took place in 1979, productive activities continued until the mid-1990s. The creation of the Strict Nature Reserve in 1994 −and its subsequent reclassification as a National Park in 2002− marked the beginning of the displacement of the families who lived and worked there. The prior establishment of two astronomical centers −the El Leoncito Astronomical Complex and the Carlos U. Cesco Astronomical Station− had underpinned the state’s interest in ensuring the quality of the sky in the area. In recent years, the National Parks Administration has implemented a cultural policy aimed at highlighting the history of the ranch through interviews and meetings with former residents. From an ethnographic perspective, this article examines the memories of those who inhabited the place before the creation of the national park, focusing on how they remember and narrate their experience on the former ranch. It analyses how collective memory is transmitted through objects that mediate remembrance and forgetting, the role of silences, and the emergence of meanings that question institutional actions. Finally, it reflects on the construction of place through shared memories and circulating meanings.
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