Fosfatos de las vetas La Argentina y La Rosario (Mina Capillitas), Catamarca
; Colombo, Fernando
; Lecomte, Karina Leticia 
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Fecha
09/2021
Editorial
Asociación Geológica Argentina
Revista
Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina
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ISSN
0004-4822
eISSN
1851-8249
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Español
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Resumen
El yacimiento Mina Capillitas (Catamarca, Argentina) es un depósito del tipo epitermal polimetálico (Cu - Zn - Pb ± As - Sb - Au - Ag). Los fosfatos [fosfatos-sulfatos de aluminio (FSA), piromorfita y fluorapatita] son escasos en el depósito. Los FSA se presentan como cristales romboédricos (pseudocúbicos) con marcada zonación composicional, mostrando sustitución entre Sr y Ca, y entre P y S. Constituyen una solución sólida entre svanbergita SrAl3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)6 y crandallita CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6. Los núcleos de los cristales se encuentran enriquecidos en P y Ca, los cuales disminuyen hacia los bordes en consonancia con un aumento en las concentraciones de S y Sr. Se asocian a hübnerita, tennantita-(Zn), pirita, calcopirita, enargita, galena, esfalerita y roquesita. Los cristales de piromorfita Pb5(PO4)3Cl se presentan como prismas alargados con terminaciones bipiramidales agudas, o rellenando vetillas en zonas brechadas. Es destacable su presencia dentro de masas algales colgando del techo de las galerías de la mina Santa Rita. Presenta sustitución parcial de Pb por Ca (hasta 3.32 %peso de CaO) y contenidos menores de Mn, Fe y Zn; el sitio tetraédrico está ocupado casi exclusivamente por P. La fluorapatita es magmática y es un mineral accesorio en el granito encajante de las vetas. Se presenta en cristales subhedrales a euhedrales, ricos en F (~3.5 %peso), estando el Cl por debajo del límite de detección en la mayoría de los análisis. Relaciones texturales y asociaciones minerales permiten asignar un origen hipogénico para los FSA, desarrollado durante un estadio inicial de alta sulfuración. La piromorfita tiene un origen supergénico, probablemente potenciado por la actividad microbiana en algunas yacencias.
Mina Capillitas (Catamarca, Argentina) is a high to intermediate sulfidation epithermal deposit (Cu - Zn - Pb ± As - Sb - Au - Ag). Phosphates are scarce at the deposit. Studies with SEM-BSE and electron microprobe (WDS mode) confirmed the presence of aluminum phosphate-sulphates (APS), pyromorphite and fluorapatite. APS occur as rhombohedral (pseudocubic) crystals with strong compositional zoning, showing substitution between Sr and Ca, and between S and P. They are part of a solid solution dominated by svanbergite SrAl3 (SO4 )(PO4 )(OH)6 and crandallite CaAl3 (PO4 )(PO3 OH)(OH)6 . Crystal cores are enriched in P and Ca; their concentrations decrease rimwards, associated to an increase in Sr and S. APS are associated to hübnerite, tennantite-(Zn), pyrite, chalcopyrite, enargite, galena, sphalerite and roquesite. Pyromorphite Pb5 (PO4 )3 Cl occurs as long prismatic crystals showing steep bipyramids, or filling microscopic veinlets. Its occurrence within algal mats hanging from the gallery roofs at the Santa Rita Mine is remarkable. Pyromorphite shows partial substitution of Pb by Ca (up to 3.32 wt.% CaO) and minor amounts of Mn, Fe and Zn. Elements in tetrahedral coordination other than P are present in negligible amounts. Fluorapatite is magmatic and is an accessory in the granite that hosts the mineralized veins. It forms subhedral to anhedral crystals that are F-rich (~3.5 wt.%). Textural relations and mineralogical associations suggest a hypogenic origin for the APS minerals, related to an early stage of the high sulfidation mineralization. Pyromorphite has a supergenic origin, probably enhanced by microbial activity in some occurrences.
Mina Capillitas (Catamarca, Argentina) is a high to intermediate sulfidation epithermal deposit (Cu - Zn - Pb ± As - Sb - Au - Ag). Phosphates are scarce at the deposit. Studies with SEM-BSE and electron microprobe (WDS mode) confirmed the presence of aluminum phosphate-sulphates (APS), pyromorphite and fluorapatite. APS occur as rhombohedral (pseudocubic) crystals with strong compositional zoning, showing substitution between Sr and Ca, and between S and P. They are part of a solid solution dominated by svanbergite SrAl3 (SO4 )(PO4 )(OH)6 and crandallite CaAl3 (PO4 )(PO3 OH)(OH)6 . Crystal cores are enriched in P and Ca; their concentrations decrease rimwards, associated to an increase in Sr and S. APS are associated to hübnerite, tennantite-(Zn), pyrite, chalcopyrite, enargite, galena, sphalerite and roquesite. Pyromorphite Pb5 (PO4 )3 Cl occurs as long prismatic crystals showing steep bipyramids, or filling microscopic veinlets. Its occurrence within algal mats hanging from the gallery roofs at the Santa Rita Mine is remarkable. Pyromorphite shows partial substitution of Pb by Ca (up to 3.32 wt.% CaO) and minor amounts of Mn, Fe and Zn. Elements in tetrahedral coordination other than P are present in negligible amounts. Fluorapatite is magmatic and is an accessory in the granite that hosts the mineralized veins. It forms subhedral to anhedral crystals that are F-rich (~3.5 wt.%). Textural relations and mineralogical associations suggest a hypogenic origin for the APS minerals, related to an early stage of the high sulfidation mineralization. Pyromorphite has a supergenic origin, probably enhanced by microbial activity in some occurrences.
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