Ans with metal(II)-bifunctional amine complexes in toluene: Kinetic determinations and quantum chemical calculations
; Ramos, Susana Beatriz
; Nudelman Norma S. Otros responsables
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01/2020
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Asociación Química Argentina
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Anales de la Asociación Química Argentina
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2545-8655
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Se realizaron estudios cinéticos de Sustitución Nucleofílica Aromática (SNAr) empleando complejos Metal(II)-amina entolueno y cálculos químicos cuánticos para determinar la geometría y energía deformación de los complejos. Los estudios previamente informados del mecanismo SNAr se centran principalmente en la naturaleza del sustrato, la basicidad delnucleófilo y la polaridad del disolvente, aunque el estudio con complejos de coordinación es escaso. Los complejos metal-amina exhiben una reactividad diferencial con respecto a las aminas no complejadas dependiendo, principalmente, del metal y la estructura del ligando. El presente trabajo describe estudios cinéticos realizados en tolueno con 1-cloro-2,4-dinitrobenceno y complejos de Cu(II) y Fe(II) con aminas bifuncionales, y se compararon con estudios previos utilizando las aminas no complejadas. Considerando la diferente reactividad de los complejos metal-amina, los resultados sugieren una diferente labilidad de los complejos atribuidos al efecto quelato y efectos estereoelectrónicos, para formar aminas no complejadas que luego reaccionarían con el sustrato, ya que los resultados cinéticos no proporcionan evidencia que los complejos metal-amina reaccionan como entidad nucleofílica. Por el contrario, se disocian antes de reaccionar y los resultados obtenidos son consistentes con elmecanismo del "Nucleófilo Dímero". Mediante cálculos teóricos basados en la Teoría Funcional Densidad determinamos la estructura de equilibrio y energíade complejación de dichos complejos. Los cálculos teóricos indican que los complejos más estables son aquellos con tres moléculas de amina como ligando, y que los complejos de Cu(II) son más estables que los de Fe(II), resultados que se correlacionan con el orden de reactividad obtenido experimentalmente.
Kinetic studies of Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitutions (ANS) of Metal(II)-amine complexes in toluene and quantum chemical calculations were carried out. Reported studies of ANS mechanism are mainly centered on the nature of substrates, nucleophile basicity and solvent polarity, while the study with coordination complexes are scarce. Amine complexes exhibit a differential reactivity with respect to uncomplexed amines depending on, among other factors, the metal center and the ligand structure. The present work describes kinetic studies carried out in toluene with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNClB) and Cu(II) and Fe(II) complexes with bifunctional amines. They were chosen considering their characteristics of bi-dentate ligands, the possible size of the metalo-cycle formed and their ability to form intra- or intermolecular hydrogen-bonds. Taking into account the dissimilar reactivity of amine-complexes, the results suggest a different stability of the complexes attributed to stereo-electronic and chelate effects, to form uncomplexed amines that would then react with the substrate, since the observed results do not provide evidence that metal-amine complexes react as a nucleophilic entity. On the contrary, they seem to dissociate prior to react rendering results consistent with a “dimer nucleophile” mechanism. To interpret kinetic results, we performed Density Functional Theory calculations to determine the equilibrium structure and the binding energy for Cu(II) and Fe(II) amine complexes. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that the most stable complexes are those with three amines molecules as ligands, and that Cu(II) complexes are more stable than those with Fe(II), results that correlate with the order of reactivity experimentally obtained.
Kinetic studies of Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitutions (ANS) of Metal(II)-amine complexes in toluene and quantum chemical calculations were carried out. Reported studies of ANS mechanism are mainly centered on the nature of substrates, nucleophile basicity and solvent polarity, while the study with coordination complexes are scarce. Amine complexes exhibit a differential reactivity with respect to uncomplexed amines depending on, among other factors, the metal center and the ligand structure. The present work describes kinetic studies carried out in toluene with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNClB) and Cu(II) and Fe(II) complexes with bifunctional amines. They were chosen considering their characteristics of bi-dentate ligands, the possible size of the metalo-cycle formed and their ability to form intra- or intermolecular hydrogen-bonds. Taking into account the dissimilar reactivity of amine-complexes, the results suggest a different stability of the complexes attributed to stereo-electronic and chelate effects, to form uncomplexed amines that would then react with the substrate, since the observed results do not provide evidence that metal-amine complexes react as a nucleophilic entity. On the contrary, they seem to dissociate prior to react rendering results consistent with a “dimer nucleophile” mechanism. To interpret kinetic results, we performed Density Functional Theory calculations to determine the equilibrium structure and the binding energy for Cu(II) and Fe(II) amine complexes. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that the most stable complexes are those with three amines molecules as ligands, and that Cu(II) complexes are more stable than those with Fe(II), results that correlate with the order of reactivity experimentally obtained.
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