Riesgos e incertidumbre en el departamento San Martín (Corrientes): Otra mirada geográfica sobre conflictos ambientales.
; Zamponi, Analia Otros responsables
Fecha
09/2018
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones Geográficas de la Patagonia
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Párrafos Geográficos
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1853-9424
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El Departamento San Martín se encuentra en el centro-este de la provincia de Corrientes. Es un ambiente que, en las últimas décadas, ha sufrido grandes modificaciones bajo las reglas de la racionalidad capitalista. La intervención de nuevos actores sociales, en el marco de la globalización, está generando una transformación agresiva del paisaje. Este cambio se hace visible, particularmente, por los impactos generados por la forestación sobre pastizales, el cultivo intensivo del arroz y las actividades turísticas en el Iberá. Diferentes perturbaciones ambientales, como las sequías, inundaciones e incendios, han afectado la región en repetidas oportunidades y a distintas escalas. La Naturaleza, a través de mecanismos homeostáticos, siempre le brindó oportunidades de recuperación. El ambiente actual, cada vez más artificial, está amenazado por una serie de peligros. Para su prevención y predicción es necesario abordar un plan de ordenamiento y manejo ambiental del territorio, encarado de manera integral, donde no solamente se tenga en cuenta la peligrosidad. Esta última, sumada a la exposición y vulnerabilidad de la población y a la incertidumbre construyen interactivamente el riesgo. Su análisis desde la Teoría Social del Riesgo invita a buscar sus causas no sólo en los eventos naturales ya que también son consecuencia del ambiente social, político y económico. Esta contribución forma parte del proyecto de investigación “Los Esteros del Iberá y humedales adyacentes: un abordaje desde los conflictos ambientales y los actores sociales involucrados” (CIG-FaHCE-UNLP). Como objetivo, se pretende identificar los principales riesgos e incertidumbres a los que se enfrenta la población de San Martín, en particular desde la irrupción de nuevas prácticas económicas. En el departamento hemos detectado riesgos de incendios, inundaciones y sequías, agotamiento y contaminación de acuíferos, alteraciones topográficas y desvalorización de campos, problemas de contaminación y de salud, así como problemas de extinción de especies (Zilio, Zamponi y Roggiero, 2017). Metodológicamente se ha trabajado con bibliografía y cartografía específica. Se desarrolló una indagación cuali y cuantitativa de las características geográficas del departamento. Se realizaron viajes de reconocimiento donde se entrevistaron diferentes actores sociales.
The Department of San Martín is located in the center-east of the province of Corrientes. It is an environment that, in recent decades, has undergone great modifications under the rules of capitalist rationality. The intervention of new social actors, within the framework of globalization, is generating an aggressive transformation of the landscape. This change is made visible, particularly, by the impacts generated by afforestation on pastures, the intensive cultivation of rice and tourist activities in Iberá. Different environmental disturbances, such as droughts, floods and fires, have affected the region repeatedly and at different scales. Nature, through homeostatic mechanisms, has always provided him with opportunities for recovery. Today's increasingly artificial environment is threatened by a series of dangers. For its prevention and prediction, it is necessary to address a plan for the planning and environmental management of the territory, faced in an integral way, where not only the danger is taken into account. The latter, added to the exposure and vulnerability of the population and uncertainty interactively build risk. His analysis from the Social Theory of Risk invites us to search for its causes not only in natural events, since they are also a consequence of the social, political and economic environment. This contribution is part of the research project "The Esteros del Iberá and adjacent wetlands: an approach from environmental conflicts and the social actors involved" (CIG-FaHCE-UNLP). As an objective, it is intended to identify the main risks and uncertainties that the population of San Martín faces, particularly since the emergence of new economic practices. In the department we have detected risks of fires, floods and droughts, depletion and contamination of aquifers, topographic alterations and devaluation of fields, pollution and health problems, as well as problems of species extinction (Zilio, Zamponi and Roggiero, 2017). Methodologically, we have worked with bibliography and specific cartography. A qualitative and quantitative investigation of the geographical characteristics of the department was developed. Reconnaissance trips were made where different social actors were interviewed.
The Department of San Martín is located in the center-east of the province of Corrientes. It is an environment that, in recent decades, has undergone great modifications under the rules of capitalist rationality. The intervention of new social actors, within the framework of globalization, is generating an aggressive transformation of the landscape. This change is made visible, particularly, by the impacts generated by afforestation on pastures, the intensive cultivation of rice and tourist activities in Iberá. Different environmental disturbances, such as droughts, floods and fires, have affected the region repeatedly and at different scales. Nature, through homeostatic mechanisms, has always provided him with opportunities for recovery. Today's increasingly artificial environment is threatened by a series of dangers. For its prevention and prediction, it is necessary to address a plan for the planning and environmental management of the territory, faced in an integral way, where not only the danger is taken into account. The latter, added to the exposure and vulnerability of the population and uncertainty interactively build risk. His analysis from the Social Theory of Risk invites us to search for its causes not only in natural events, since they are also a consequence of the social, political and economic environment. This contribution is part of the research project "The Esteros del Iberá and adjacent wetlands: an approach from environmental conflicts and the social actors involved" (CIG-FaHCE-UNLP). As an objective, it is intended to identify the main risks and uncertainties that the population of San Martín faces, particularly since the emergence of new economic practices. In the department we have detected risks of fires, floods and droughts, depletion and contamination of aquifers, topographic alterations and devaluation of fields, pollution and health problems, as well as problems of species extinction (Zilio, Zamponi and Roggiero, 2017). Methodologically, we have worked with bibliography and specific cartography. A qualitative and quantitative investigation of the geographical characteristics of the department was developed. Reconnaissance trips were made where different social actors were interviewed.
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