Conservar sin comunidad: turismo, extractivismo y conflicto territorial en el humedal del Jaaukanigás

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Fecha
12/2025
Editorial
Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geografía y Turismo
Revista
Revista Universitaria de Geografía
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0326-8373
eISSN
1852-4265
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Español
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Resumen
El presente artículo analiza las tensiones territoriales que emergen en torno al humedal Jaaukanigás, en el noreste de la provincia de Santa Fe, a partir de la promoción del ecoturismo como estrategia de conservación ambiental. A través de un enfoque de ecología política y geografía crítica, y mediante trabajo de campo con entrevistas y observación participante, se examinan los discursos, actores e infraestructuras que reconfiguran el acceso, uso y control de este territorio hidrosocial. Si bien el ecoturismo es presentado como una alternativa sustentable, en la práctica reproduce lógicas extractivas y excluyentes que invisibilizan y/o criminalizan los usos tradicionales del territorio -como la pesca artesanal, la recolección, la cría a pequeña escala y la agroecología- sostenidas por comunidades indígenas, campesinas y de pescadores. Lejos de conservar con y desde las comunidades, observamos que las políticas públicas y los emprendimientos privados tienden a estetizar el paisaje y folklorizar a sus habitantes, reforzando procesos de despojo territorial. Frente a ello, el trabajo identifica estrategias de organización local que cuestionan estos modelos y proponen formas alternativas de habitar y cuidar el humedal, sustentadas en saberes, memorias y prácticas arraigadas en la historia social y productiva de la región.
This article analyzes the territorial tensions that emerge around the Jaaukanigás wetland, in northeastern Santa Fe Province, Argentina, stemming from the promotion of ecotourism as an environmental conservation strategy. Drawing on a political ecology and critical geography approach, and based on fieldwork conducted between 2023 and 2025 that included interviews and participant observation, this study examines the discourses, actors, and infrastructures that reconfigure access to, use of, and control over this hydro social territory. Although ecotourism is presented as a sustainable alternative, in practice it reproduces extractive and exclusionary logics that render invisible and/or criminalize traditional territorial uses—such as artisanal fishing, gathering, small-scale livestock raising, and agroecology—sustained by Indigenous, peasant, and fishing communities. Rather than conserving with and from the communities, public policies and private ventures tend to aestheticize the landscape and folklorize its inhabitants, thereby reinforcing processes of territorial dispossession. In response, this work identifies local organizing strategies that challenge these models and propose alternative ways of inhabiting and caring for the wetland, grounded in knowledge, memories, and practices rooted in social and productive history of the region.
This article analyzes the territorial tensions that emerge around the Jaaukanigás wetland, in northeastern Santa Fe Province, Argentina, stemming from the promotion of ecotourism as an environmental conservation strategy. Drawing on a political ecology and critical geography approach, and based on fieldwork conducted between 2023 and 2025 that included interviews and participant observation, this study examines the discourses, actors, and infrastructures that reconfigure access to, use of, and control over this hydro social territory. Although ecotourism is presented as a sustainable alternative, in practice it reproduces extractive and exclusionary logics that render invisible and/or criminalize traditional territorial uses—such as artisanal fishing, gathering, small-scale livestock raising, and agroecology—sustained by Indigenous, peasant, and fishing communities. Rather than conserving with and from the communities, public policies and private ventures tend to aestheticize the landscape and folklorize its inhabitants, thereby reinforcing processes of territorial dispossession. In response, this work identifies local organizing strategies that challenge these models and propose alternative ways of inhabiting and caring for the wetland, grounded in knowledge, memories, and practices rooted in social and productive history of the region.
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