Del “trabajo de servidor” al “trabajo asalariado”: Debates en torno a la remuneración de los trabajadores del sector hotelero-gastronómico en Argentina en las décadas centrales del siglo XX

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Fecha
07/2016
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Humanidades. Centro de Estudios Históricos
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Pasado Abierto
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2451-6961
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Español
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Resumen
En Argentina, desde inicios del siglo XX el trabajo asalariado se extendió como relación laboral predominante. Sin embargo, a pesar de las tempranas intervenciones del Estado en materia laboral, no desaparecieron instantáneamente otras formas de retribución y de vínculos laborales. Particularmente, en el sector hotelero (y en el sector gastronómico al que tempranamente fueron ligados sus trabajadores), pervivieron determinados vínculos y relaciones laborales que no se correspondían con las características del trabajo asalariado dominante en el país. Sus trabajadores accedieron a esta forma de remuneración y a los derechos con los que posteriormente se asoció de forma más tardía, siendo la sanción del “Laudo Gastronómico” en 1945 un hito imprescindible en ese camino. En este artículo argumentaremos que el trabajo en el sector hotelero y gastronómico se ha caracterizado por ocupar una posición pendular entre el “trabajo de servidor” y el “trabajo asalariado”. A grandes rasgos podemos sostener que mientras que a inicios del siglo XX el personal ocupado en la hotelería presentaba una condición más cercana a la de servidor, progresivamente ha ido acercándose al trabajo asalariado, aunque conservando ciertos elementos que lo acercaban a aquel.
In Argentina, since the early twentieth century wage labor was extended as the predominant employment relationship. However, despite the early state intervention in labor issues, other forms of remuneration and working relationships did not instantly disappear. Particularly in the hospitality sector (and in the restaurant industry, where the hospitality workers were soon linked), persisted certain links and working relationships that did not correspond to the characteristics of the wage labor, which was dominant in the country. Workers agreed to this form of remuneration and to the rights that subsequently were associated to it, being the sanction of "Gastronomic Award" in 1945 an essential milestone on that path. In this article we argue that work in the hotel and restaurant sector has been characterized by occupying a pendular position between the "server work" and "wage labor". Generally we can argue that during the early twentieth century the workforce employed in the hospitality industry was closer to the server condition, and gradually has been moving to paid work, while retaining certain elements of the previous condition.
In Argentina, since the early twentieth century wage labor was extended as the predominant employment relationship. However, despite the early state intervention in labor issues, other forms of remuneration and working relationships did not instantly disappear. Particularly in the hospitality sector (and in the restaurant industry, where the hospitality workers were soon linked), persisted certain links and working relationships that did not correspond to the characteristics of the wage labor, which was dominant in the country. Workers agreed to this form of remuneration and to the rights that subsequently were associated to it, being the sanction of "Gastronomic Award" in 1945 an essential milestone on that path. In this article we argue that work in the hotel and restaurant sector has been characterized by occupying a pendular position between the "server work" and "wage labor". Generally we can argue that during the early twentieth century the workforce employed in the hospitality industry was closer to the server condition, and gradually has been moving to paid work, while retaining certain elements of the previous condition.
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