Zonificación del riesgo sísmico en la urbanización del valle de Andorra, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego (Argentina)

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Fecha
12/2025
Editorial
Asociación Geológica Argentina
Revista
Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1853-7138
eISSN
1851-8249
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Español
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Resumen
La ciudad de Ushuaia se asienta en valles tectónicos ubicados en el extremo sur de la Cordillera de los Andes, labrados en esquistos, filitas y pizarras cuyas geoformas están asociadas principalmente a procesos glaciales ocurridos durante el Pleistoceno. La zona urbana se encuentra a 30 km al sur del Sistema de Fallas Magallanes-Fagnano, principal fuente sismogénica de Tierra del Fuego. La ciudad presenta un importante crecimiento poblacional y un avance de la urbanización hacia zonas periféricas, frecuentemente mediante edificaciones que no cumplen las normas de sismorresistencia del Instituto Nacional de Prevención Sísmica (INPRES). Este trabajo presenta la zonificación del riesgo sísmico y sus componentes en el barrio Valle de Andorra, al noreste de la ciudad, basada tanto en información geológica, geomorfológica y geofísica, así como en la evaluación de las edificaciones y su distribución, a fin de determinar la exposición y vulnerabilidad de su población. El barrio se asienta principalmente sobre morenas y depósitos glacilacustres, con características geotécnicas propicias para la amplificación de ondas sísmicas. Además, en las áreas periféricas del barrio, las viviendas están expuestas a procesos de remoción en masa. Los resultados muestran que el 89% del barrio se encuentra en zonas con riesgo moderado a alto y las instituciones públicas, como escuelas, policía y centros de salud, están en zonas de riesgo alto y muy alto. Este trabajo expone la importancia de la zonificación de riesgos geológicos en una población.
The city of Ushuaia is located within tectonic valleys at the southern end of the Andes Mountains, carved into schists, phyllites, and slates, whose landforms are associated with glacial processes that occurred during the Pleistocene. The urban area lies approximately 30 km south of the Magallanes-Fagnano Fault System, the main seismogenic source in Tierra del Fuego. The city has experienced significant population growth, leading to a large number of buildings that do not comply with the seismic resistance standards of the National Institute for Seismic Prevention (INPRES). This study presents the seismic risk zoning and its components for the Valle de Andorra neighborhood, located northeast of the city, based on geological, geomorphological, and geophysical information, as well as, on the assessment of buildings and their distribution, in order to determine the exposure and vulnerability of the population. The neighborhood is mainly built on moraines and glacilacustrine deposits, which have geotechnical characteristics that favor seismic wave amplification. Furthermore, houses in the peripheral areas are exposed to mass-wasting processes. The results show that 89% of the neighborhood falls within moderate to high-risk zones, and public institutions such as schools, police stations, and health centers are located in high and very high-risk areas. This work highlights the importance of geological risk zoning in vulnerable populations and aims to present results that can be applied to local urban planning and methodologically replicated in other regions.
The city of Ushuaia is located within tectonic valleys at the southern end of the Andes Mountains, carved into schists, phyllites, and slates, whose landforms are associated with glacial processes that occurred during the Pleistocene. The urban area lies approximately 30 km south of the Magallanes-Fagnano Fault System, the main seismogenic source in Tierra del Fuego. The city has experienced significant population growth, leading to a large number of buildings that do not comply with the seismic resistance standards of the National Institute for Seismic Prevention (INPRES). This study presents the seismic risk zoning and its components for the Valle de Andorra neighborhood, located northeast of the city, based on geological, geomorphological, and geophysical information, as well as, on the assessment of buildings and their distribution, in order to determine the exposure and vulnerability of the population. The neighborhood is mainly built on moraines and glacilacustrine deposits, which have geotechnical characteristics that favor seismic wave amplification. Furthermore, houses in the peripheral areas are exposed to mass-wasting processes. The results show that 89% of the neighborhood falls within moderate to high-risk zones, and public institutions such as schools, police stations, and health centers are located in high and very high-risk areas. This work highlights the importance of geological risk zoning in vulnerable populations and aims to present results that can be applied to local urban planning and methodologically replicated in other regions.
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