La variabilidad de la salinidad y humedad en la genesis de suelos de un humedal
; Riscosa, Daniel Alberto Otros responsables
Fecha
11/2022
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de la Ciencia del Suelo
Revista
Ciencia del Suelo
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0326-3169
eISSN
1850-2067
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Español
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Resumen
Las sales son un importante factor en la formación, evolución y clasificación de los suelos. Los humedales salinos son ambientes permanente o frecuentemente inundados, lo que determina normalmente el desarrollo de suelos halohidromórficos y vegetación halófita. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la génesis de suelos halohidromórficos en un bajo salino de San Luis (Argentina). El área estudiada fue la depresión denominada “Bajo Las Saladas”, localizada a los 33º 37´ de latitud Sur y 65º 25´ longitud Oeste, con una superficie de 120,7 ha. Se delimitaron los tipos fisonómicos de vegetación en diferentes subpaisajes. Se ubicaron varias parcelas de seguimiento en cada tipo fisonómico, y en ellas se realizaron las descripciones de los suelos y profundidad al nivel freático. Se muestrearon los horizontes, se analizaron y se procedió a clasificar los suelos taxonómicamente. En el sector llano se identificó el monte halófilo cuyos suelos se clasificaron como Haplustoles típicos. En el subpaisaje depresión salina el tipo fisonómico Matorral halófilo (dominado por Atriplex spp.) ocupa los suelos menos salinos, con mayor pH y nivel freático más profundo y los suelos se clasificaron como Ustortentes típicos o Epiacuentes típicos. En las áreas más húmedas y salinas aparecen parches de arbustal halófilo rastrero (dominado por Sarcocornia neei) y praderas abiertas de Distichlis spicata, praderas densas de D. spicata y en las zonas con mayor encharcamiento y anoxia, playas salinas que no presentan vegetación. Estos suelos se clasificaron como Epiacuentes típicos, con diferente distribución de horizontes, algunos con horizontes gley, en los restantes subpaisajes. En la génesis de estos suelos intervienen conjuntamente varios factores, como profundidad freática, salinidad, microrelieve, textura, y grado y duración del anegamiento.
Salts are an important factor in the formation and evolution of soils, and their classification. Saline wetlands are permanently or frequently flooded environments, which normally causes the development of halohydromorphic soils and halophytic vegetation. The aim of this work was to study the genesis of halohydromorphic soils in a saline wetland in San Luis (Argentina). The area studied was the depression called “Bajo Las Saladas”, located at 33º 37’ South latitude and 65º 25’ West longitude, with an area of 120.7 ha. The physiognomic types of vegetation in different sub-landscapes were delimited. Descriptions of the soils and depth to the water table were carried out in the monitoring plots located in each physiognomic type. The horizons were sampled, analyzed and the soils were classified. In the flat sector, soils of the halophilic bush were classified as typic Haplustolls. In the saline depression sublandscape, the physiognomic type Halophilic bush (dominated by Atriplex spp.) occupies the less saline soils, with higher pH and deeper water table, and the soils were typic Ustorthents or typic Epiaquents. In the more humid and saline areas there are patches of creeping halophilic bush (dominated by Sarcocornia neei), open meadows of Distichlis spicata, dense meadows of D. spicata and in the areas with greater flooding and anoxia, free of vegetation saline beaches. Those soils were classified as typic Epiaquents showing different distribution of horizons, some with glei horizons. Several factors intervene jointly in the genesis of these soils, such as water table depth, salinity, micro-relief, texture, and degree and duration of flooding.
Salts are an important factor in the formation and evolution of soils, and their classification. Saline wetlands are permanently or frequently flooded environments, which normally causes the development of halohydromorphic soils and halophytic vegetation. The aim of this work was to study the genesis of halohydromorphic soils in a saline wetland in San Luis (Argentina). The area studied was the depression called “Bajo Las Saladas”, located at 33º 37’ South latitude and 65º 25’ West longitude, with an area of 120.7 ha. The physiognomic types of vegetation in different sub-landscapes were delimited. Descriptions of the soils and depth to the water table were carried out in the monitoring plots located in each physiognomic type. The horizons were sampled, analyzed and the soils were classified. In the flat sector, soils of the halophilic bush were classified as typic Haplustolls. In the saline depression sublandscape, the physiognomic type Halophilic bush (dominated by Atriplex spp.) occupies the less saline soils, with higher pH and deeper water table, and the soils were typic Ustorthents or typic Epiaquents. In the more humid and saline areas there are patches of creeping halophilic bush (dominated by Sarcocornia neei), open meadows of Distichlis spicata, dense meadows of D. spicata and in the areas with greater flooding and anoxia, free of vegetation saline beaches. Those soils were classified as typic Epiaquents showing different distribution of horizons, some with glei horizons. Several factors intervene jointly in the genesis of these soils, such as water table depth, salinity, micro-relief, texture, and degree and duration of flooding.
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