Nitrógeno incubado en anaerobiosis y su relación con el nitrogeno orgánico en diferentes fracciones
; Melchiori, José Miguel ; Ormaechea, María Valeria ; Caviglia, Octavio Pedro 
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Fecha
06/2014
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de la Ciencia del Suelo
Revista
Ciencia del Suelo
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0326-3169
eISSN
1850-2067
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Español
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Resumen
Los diagnósticos de fertilidad nitrogenada usualmente utilizados no contemplan el aporte de la fracción orgánica del suelo. El nitrógeno (N) incubado en anaerobiosis (Nan), al igual que otras fracciones lábiles del N puede utilizarse para predecir la fracción mineralizable del N del suelo y mejorar los diagnósticos de fertilidad, aunque pueden ser afectadas por las prácticas de manejo. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron: i) evaluar el efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada y de diferentes secuencias de cultivos sobre el N orgánico en la fracción particulada (NOP) y el Nan y ii) conocer las relaciones entre Nan, N total (NT) y NOP. En un experimento de largo plazo de fertilización nitrogenada en monocultivo de maíz y otros de secuencias de cultivos en dos suelos, se determinó NT, NOP y Nan sobre muestras de suelo totales y en macroagregados de dos profundidades. Las fuentes de variación evaluadas en estos experimentos no mostraron diferencias en los contenidos de NOP, Nan y NT. Se determinaron relaciones positivas entre el Nan y el contenido de NT (R2=0,65; P < 0,001) y NOP (R2=0,85; P < 0,001) atribuibles a las diferencias entre profundidades y sitios contrastantes en su secuencia de cultivo previa. Por otra parte, se determinó una estrecha asociación entre el Nan de la muestra completa y de los macroagregados (P < 0,001), lo que demostró que una gran proporción del Nan estuvo alojada en los mismos. No se evidenciaron ventajas en la determinación del Nan y del NOP en macroagregados de suelo en comparación con la muestra completa.
Diagnosis of soil nitrogen fertility does not usually include the contribution of soil organic pools. Mineralisable nitrogen under anaerobiosis (Nan) and other labile N fractions may be useful to predict the mineralized soil nitrogen pool and to improve the diagnosis of soil nitrogen fertility, although management practices may affect these pools. The aims of our study were to: i) evaluate the effect of long-term nitrogen fertilization and crop sequences on organic nitrogen in the soil particulate fraction (NOP) and Nan, and ii) evaluate the relationship between Nan, total nitrogen (NT) and NOP. In a long-term continuous maize experiment, and two other experiments with different crop sequences and two soil types, NT, NOP and Nan were determined in the bulk soil samples and on macroaggregates in two depths. The sources of variation evaluated in these experiments did not show differences in NT, NOP and Nan contents. In addition, positive relationships were found between Nan and NT contents (R2 = 0.65; P < 0.001) and between Nan and NOP (R2= 0.85, P < 0.001), which are attributed to the variation in depths and contrasting sites. Moreover, we found a strong association between Nan in bulk soil sample and Nan in macroaggregates (P < 0.001), evidencing that a high proportion of Nan was allocated in the macroaggregates. The determination of Nan and NOP in soil macroaggregates did not present advantages compared to the evaluation in the bulk soil sample.
Diagnosis of soil nitrogen fertility does not usually include the contribution of soil organic pools. Mineralisable nitrogen under anaerobiosis (Nan) and other labile N fractions may be useful to predict the mineralized soil nitrogen pool and to improve the diagnosis of soil nitrogen fertility, although management practices may affect these pools. The aims of our study were to: i) evaluate the effect of long-term nitrogen fertilization and crop sequences on organic nitrogen in the soil particulate fraction (NOP) and Nan, and ii) evaluate the relationship between Nan, total nitrogen (NT) and NOP. In a long-term continuous maize experiment, and two other experiments with different crop sequences and two soil types, NT, NOP and Nan were determined in the bulk soil samples and on macroaggregates in two depths. The sources of variation evaluated in these experiments did not show differences in NT, NOP and Nan contents. In addition, positive relationships were found between Nan and NT contents (R2 = 0.65; P < 0.001) and between Nan and NOP (R2= 0.85, P < 0.001), which are attributed to the variation in depths and contrasting sites. Moreover, we found a strong association between Nan in bulk soil sample and Nan in macroaggregates (P < 0.001), evidencing that a high proportion of Nan was allocated in the macroaggregates. The determination of Nan and NOP in soil macroaggregates did not present advantages compared to the evaluation in the bulk soil sample.
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