Evaluación de las propiedades físicas, químicas, sensoriales y de inocuidad microbiológica de embutidos elaborados a base de tilapia negra (Oreochromis niloticus)
; Zacarías González, M.G. ; Martínez Ávila, G.C.G ; Michel, Mariela R. ; Reyes Luna, Carlos ; Rojas, Romeo ; Aguilar Zárate, Pedro Otros responsables
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01/2025
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Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila
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Revista Internacional de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica
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2007-9753
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La tilapia negra (Oreochromis niloticus) es un pez relevante en la región de la Huasteca Potosinaubicada en el noreste de México, sin embargo, presenta un aprovechamiento limitado. El presentetrabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar las características físicas, químicas, sensoriales y de inocuidad microbiológica de embutidos de jamón y salchicha elaborados a partir de tilapia negra.Para la elaboración de los embutidos, la tilapia se molió en estado congelado y se mezcló con diversos aditivos en una proporción 90:10 para jamón y 80:20 para salchicha (carne:aditivos).Posteriormente se moldeó y se llevó a cocimiento. Los embutidos mostraron alto contenidoproteico: 21.4% en el jamón y 19.1% en la salchicha. El pH fue de 6.84 y 7.08, respectivamente,debido a las características de la tilapia. La capacidad de retención de agua alcanzó 77.20% en eljamón y 63.75% en la salchicha, superando en algunos casos a productos comerciales. En cuantoa textura, el jamón de tilapia presentó firmeza de 38.49 N, comparado con 28.50 N del jamóncomercial; mientras que la salchicha de tilapia registró 46.99 N frente a 30.90 N de la comercial.Los análisis microbiológicos confirmaron que los embutidos cumplen con las normas mexicanas.En el análisis sensorial, obtuvieron una aceptación superior a 3.48 puntos de 5 en atributos comotextura, olor y sabor, con excepción del color del jamón, que obtuvo 3.16 puntos. Estos resultadosindican que los embutidos de tilapia negra son una opción saludable e innovadora con alto potencial de aceptación en el mercado, destacando su valor agregado en la diversificación de productos alimenticios.
Black tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is an important fish in the Huasteca Potosina region, located in northeastern Mexico; however, its utilization is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the physical, chemical, sensory, and microbiological safety characteristics of ham and sausage products made from black tilapia. To prepare the sausages, the tilapia was ground in a frozen state and mixed with various additives in a 90:10 ratio for ham and 80:20 for sausage (meat:additives). The mixture was then shaped and cooked. The sausages showed high protein content: 21.4% for ham and 19.1% for sausage. The pH values were 6.84 for ham and 7.08 for sausage, due to the natural characteristics of tilapia. Water-holding capacity reached 77.20% in the ham and 63.75% in the sausage, surpassing that of some cases commercial products. In terms of texture, the tilapia ham had a firmness of 38.49 N, compared to 28.50 N for commercial ham; while the tilapia sausage registered 46.99 N compared to 30.90 N for commercial ham. Microbiological analysis confirmed that the sausages comply with Mexican regulatory standards. In the sensory analysis, the products score over 3.48 out of 5 points in attributes such as texture, odor, and flavor, with the exception of the color of the ham, which scored 3.16 points. These results indicate that black tilapia-based sausages are a healthy and innovative option with significant potential for market acceptance, emphasizing their added value in the diversifying of food products.
Black tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is an important fish in the Huasteca Potosina region, located in northeastern Mexico; however, its utilization is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the physical, chemical, sensory, and microbiological safety characteristics of ham and sausage products made from black tilapia. To prepare the sausages, the tilapia was ground in a frozen state and mixed with various additives in a 90:10 ratio for ham and 80:20 for sausage (meat:additives). The mixture was then shaped and cooked. The sausages showed high protein content: 21.4% for ham and 19.1% for sausage. The pH values were 6.84 for ham and 7.08 for sausage, due to the natural characteristics of tilapia. Water-holding capacity reached 77.20% in the ham and 63.75% in the sausage, surpassing that of some cases commercial products. In terms of texture, the tilapia ham had a firmness of 38.49 N, compared to 28.50 N for commercial ham; while the tilapia sausage registered 46.99 N compared to 30.90 N for commercial ham. Microbiological analysis confirmed that the sausages comply with Mexican regulatory standards. In the sensory analysis, the products score over 3.48 out of 5 points in attributes such as texture, odor, and flavor, with the exception of the color of the ham, which scored 3.16 points. These results indicate that black tilapia-based sausages are a healthy and innovative option with significant potential for market acceptance, emphasizing their added value in the diversifying of food products.
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