Trayectorias de recuperación del desarrollo temprano en acogimiento familiar: una aproximación desde la funcionalidad familiar
; Torrecilla, Norma Mariana
; Taborda, Alejandra Otros responsables
Fecha
06/2026
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Universidad CES
Revista
CES Psicología
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2011-3080
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Español
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Resumen
Introducción: en situaciones de maltrato, niñas y niños pueden ser derivados a cuidados alternativos. Si bien el impacto del maltrato temprano en el desarrollo ha sido estudiado, es necesario profundizar en los procesos de recuperación durante la primera infancia. Objetivos: (1) Analizar las trayectorias del desarrollo en la primera infancia con historial de maltrato durante los primeros cuatro meses de acogimiento familiar, en comparación con un grupo de referencia, y (2) explorar las diferencias en dichas trayectorias según la cohesión, flexibilidad y funcionamiento de las familias de acogida. Método: diseño longitudinal de panel con 60 participantes de hasta 36 meses: 30 en acogimiento familiar con antecedentes de maltrato (Grupo 1) y 30 en familias de origen sin historial de maltrato (Grupo 2 —de referencia). El desarrollo se evaluó en tres momentos —inicio del acogimiento, a los dos y a los cuatro meses— mediante las escalas argentinas: PRUNAPE e IODI. El Grupo 2 siguió el mismo esquema de evaluación. Las cuidadoras de acogida completaron la adaptación argentina del FACES III. Resultados: en las dos primeras evaluaciones, el Grupo 1 mostró puntuaciones significativamente menores. En la tercera, estas diferencias se atenuaron y en la mayoría de las áreas no fueron significativas. En el grupo de acogimiento, se registró mayor recuperación en niños integrados en familias con niveles intermedios de cohesión y flexibilidad, y un funcionamiento balanceado. Conclusiones: los hallazgos aportan evidencia sobre la relevancia del entorno familiar en la recuperación del desarrollo temprano tras experiencias de maltrato y subrayan la importancia del funcionamiento de las familias de acogida en este proceso.
Introduction: In maltreatment situations, children may be placed in alternative care. Although the impact of early maltreatment on development has been widely documented, further research is needed on recovery processes during early childhood. Aims: (1) To analyze developmental trajectories in early childhood among children with a history of maltreatment during the first four months of foster care, in comparison with a reference group, and (2) to explore differences in these trajectories according to family cohesion, flexibility, and functioning in foster families. Method: A longitudinal panel design was conducted with 60 participants aged up to 36 months: 30 in foster care with a history of maltreatment (Group 1) and 30 living with their birth families without a history of maltreatment (Group 2 - reference group). Development was assessed at three time points—at entry into foster care, and after two and four months—using Argentine developmental scales: PRUNAPE and IODI. The reference group followed the same assessment schedule. Foster caregivers completed the Argentine adaptation of FACES III. Results: In the first two assessments, Group 1 showed significantly lower scores. By the third assessment, these differences decreased, and in most domains were no longer significant. Within the foster care group, higher developmental gains were observed among children placed in families with intermediate levels of cohesion and flexibility, and balanced family functioning. Conclusions: The findings provide evidence on the relevance of the family environment in early developmental trajectories following maltreatment and highlight the importance of foster family functioning in these processes.
Introduction: In maltreatment situations, children may be placed in alternative care. Although the impact of early maltreatment on development has been widely documented, further research is needed on recovery processes during early childhood. Aims: (1) To analyze developmental trajectories in early childhood among children with a history of maltreatment during the first four months of foster care, in comparison with a reference group, and (2) to explore differences in these trajectories according to family cohesion, flexibility, and functioning in foster families. Method: A longitudinal panel design was conducted with 60 participants aged up to 36 months: 30 in foster care with a history of maltreatment (Group 1) and 30 living with their birth families without a history of maltreatment (Group 2 - reference group). Development was assessed at three time points—at entry into foster care, and after two and four months—using Argentine developmental scales: PRUNAPE and IODI. The reference group followed the same assessment schedule. Foster caregivers completed the Argentine adaptation of FACES III. Results: In the first two assessments, Group 1 showed significantly lower scores. By the third assessment, these differences decreased, and in most domains were no longer significant. Within the foster care group, higher developmental gains were observed among children placed in families with intermediate levels of cohesion and flexibility, and balanced family functioning. Conclusions: The findings provide evidence on the relevance of the family environment in early developmental trajectories following maltreatment and highlight the importance of foster family functioning in these processes.
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