Procesamiento de discurso: relaciones semánticas, expectativas del lector y modelos mentales

Otros responsables
Fecha
07/2019
Editorial
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Centro de Enseñanza de Lenguas Extranjeras
Revista
Estudios Lingüística Aplicada
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0185-2647
eISSN
ISBN
Idioma
Español
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Resumen
Entre los estudios psicolingüísticos, muchos han analizado los costos de procesamiento en relación con las expectativas del lector durante el proceso de lectura y comprensión de textos; y su vínculo con determinadas relaciones semánticas. Aunque pocos han estudiado este mismo problema en producción de discurso, es posible hacer predicciones similares a las encontradas para el proceso de comprensión. En este trabajo presentamos un experimento que, a través de un paradigma de completamiento verbal espontáneo, permite inferir la organización progresiva de un modelo mental. Tomamos cuatro variables centrales: tipo de relación semántica, dimensión conceptual, instancia de completamiento, presencia/ausencia de partícula conectiva. Nuestros datos respaldan los enfoques que plantean que las expectativas causales guían el procesamiento; y, además, muestran especificidades respecto del proceso subyacente (comprensión vs. producción), así como mecanismo comunes a ambos. El estudio muestra posibilidades de transferencia y sus resultados se pueden proyectar a diversas (sub)disciplinas lingüísticas y cognitivas.
Many psycholinguistic studies analyze processing costs in relation to the expectations of the reader during the text reading and comprehension processes, and their association with some semantic relations. Although few studies have investigated this phenomenon in discourse production, the evidence indicates that it is possible to make predictions about comprehension similar to those already existing. This paper describes an experiment that, through a verbal completion task (cloze paradigm), allows inferring the progressive organization of a mental model as an abstract representation of the text. We used four core variables: type of semantic relationship, completion instance, conceptual dimension, and presence / absence of a connective particle. Our data support the approaches suggesting that causal expectations are drivers in processing, and also show specificities relating to the underlying process (comprehension vs. production), as well as mechanisms common to both. We believe this study has possibilities for transfer, and its results can be projected to various linguistic and cognitive (sub)disciplines, from basic psychology to clinical or educational fields.
Many psycholinguistic studies analyze processing costs in relation to the expectations of the reader during the text reading and comprehension processes, and their association with some semantic relations. Although few studies have investigated this phenomenon in discourse production, the evidence indicates that it is possible to make predictions about comprehension similar to those already existing. This paper describes an experiment that, through a verbal completion task (cloze paradigm), allows inferring the progressive organization of a mental model as an abstract representation of the text. We used four core variables: type of semantic relationship, completion instance, conceptual dimension, and presence / absence of a connective particle. Our data support the approaches suggesting that causal expectations are drivers in processing, and also show specificities relating to the underlying process (comprehension vs. production), as well as mechanisms common to both. We believe this study has possibilities for transfer, and its results can be projected to various linguistic and cognitive (sub)disciplines, from basic psychology to clinical or educational fields.
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