Conservation planning in Uruguay based on small felids (Leopardus spp.) as umbrella species

Abstract

Felids biogeographic patterns in Uruguay are poorly understood despite the importance of fringe populations of species in conservation. We determined suitability areas, analyzed species richness and assessed the role of Uruguayan protected areas in the conservation of small felids: margay, pampas cat, and Geoffroy’s cat. We applied umbrella-species approach to select conservation areas based on habitat suitability for these species. Habitat suitability models were developed with Maxent, 218 presence records and 21 bioclimatic and topographic variables. Maps show margay in the east, pampas cat in the entire country except the north and Geoffroy’s cat in the entire country. Highest richness was found in the east and the lowest in the north. Protected areas cover 1% of each species distribution range and although most of them provide suitable habitat for at least one species, none of them has adequate surface alone to sustain viable populations. This is the first study that addresses Uruguayan felid distribution based on objective methodologies and a broad set of presence records. Based on information generated, we selected six zones to focus efforts in research and biodiversity conservation. The approach proved useful to guide management plans and conservation decisions and can be extrapolated to other species and countries.