Pasado y posibles futuros del sector eléctrico argentino

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Fecha
04/2024
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
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Actualidad Económica
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2250-754X
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Español
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El artículo describe la modernización del sector eléctrico argentino en los años 1990s, impulsada por cambios tec-nológicos, privatización y regulación a través de agencias especializadas, dentro de un contexto macroeconómico de estabilización. Tras la crisis de 2001, las tarifas fueron congeladas, lo que generó distorsiones con fuertes subsi-dios y menos influencia de las herramientas de mercado. El trabajo plantea la exploración de nuevas organizaciones institucionales que incentiven la modernización como en los 1990s, pero que también aborden problemas regulato-rios relacionados con la inversión en generación, equidad distributiva y desarrollos tecnológicos recientes como la generación distribuida, energías renovables y medidores inteligentes. Se cuestiona el impacto de las reformas de los 1990s, se analizan experiencias positivas y negativas, y se discuten posibles diseños institucionales que promue-van eficiencia, equidad y una transición ordenada hacia la nueva tecnología.
In the 1990s the electricity sector of Argentina was modernized seeking technical change, privatization, and regulation by dedicated new agencies, together with a macroeconomic stabilization plan. After a severe crisis in 2001, tariffs were frozen, and the sector accumulated distortions, characterized by heavy subsidization of prices and investments, and less resort to market tools. We explore alternative institutional arrangements that replicate the strong incentives to modernization existing in the 1990s, solving some problems in the regulation at the time concerning investment signals, and add a consideration on equity issues as well as address the new technological and regulatory issues related to distributed generation, increasing renewables sources and smart meters. We ask how the reforms in the 1990s worked, including good and bad experiences; what happened in the two following decades; and which institutional framework would generate simultaneously efficiency, equity of access, and a soft landing in the new technological wave.
In the 1990s the electricity sector of Argentina was modernized seeking technical change, privatization, and regulation by dedicated new agencies, together with a macroeconomic stabilization plan. After a severe crisis in 2001, tariffs were frozen, and the sector accumulated distortions, characterized by heavy subsidization of prices and investments, and less resort to market tools. We explore alternative institutional arrangements that replicate the strong incentives to modernization existing in the 1990s, solving some problems in the regulation at the time concerning investment signals, and add a consideration on equity issues as well as address the new technological and regulatory issues related to distributed generation, increasing renewables sources and smart meters. We ask how the reforms in the 1990s worked, including good and bad experiences; what happened in the two following decades; and which institutional framework would generate simultaneously efficiency, equity of access, and a soft landing in the new technological wave.
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