Es más caro vivir adentro que afuera: usos del dinero y costos de la vida en la cárcel

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03/2025
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Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Trabajo Social
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Utopías
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2618-1800
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Una serie de hechos etnográficos nos permitirán analizar qué se necesita para vivir en un contexto de privación de libertad ambulatoria. Partiremos de los intercambios económicos dentro de una cárcel de varones de Entre Ríos, los cuales son fundamentales para la vida cotidiana. En los talleres laborales, las personas privadas de libertad intercambian su trabajo por lo que se denomina peculio, una forma de remuneración que permite la adquisición de bienes básicos y servicios. Además, las visitas de los familiares juegan un papel crucial en el acceso a recursos, pues traen mercancías desde afuera, ampliando las opciones de intercambio dentro del espacio carcelario. Estos intercambios no solo permiten la supervivencia material, sino que demarcan una economía particular, con normas y prácticas culturales que determinan los costos de los bienes y servicios intercambiados. Durante el trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado en la Unidad Penal N.º 1 «Juan José O’Connor» en los años 2015 y 2016, observamos la importancia de la circulación de mercancías como una forma de resistencia y adaptación a las condiciones de vida. La producción dentro de la cárcel, aunque a menudo precaria y a veces degradante, es también un espacio donde los detenidos logran generar algún tipo de valor económico y ocupar el tiempo. Comprender el sentido del dinero en este contexto revela las dinámicas económicas internas y las formas de socialización, poder y resistencia que emergen en un espacio de convivencia forzada. El dinero y otras mercancías son un atajo para atravesar el proceso de condena y sobrevivir a la cárcel.
A series of ethnographic events will allow us to understand what is needed to live in a context of ambulatory deprivation of liberty. We begin by examining the economic exchanges within a men’s prison in Entre Ríos which are fundamental to daily life. In the labor workshops, inmates exchange their work for what is called “peculio,” a form of remuneration that allows the acquisition of basic goods and services. In addition, family visits play a crucial role in accessing resources, as they bring goods from outside, expanding the exchange options within the prison environment. These exchanges not only enable material survival but also define a particular economy, with norms and cultural practices that determine the cost of goods and services exchanged. During the two years of ethnographic fieldwork conducted at Unidad Penal N.º 1 “Juan José O’Connor” we observed the importance of the circulation of goods as a form of resistance and adaptation to the conditions of life. Production within the prison, though often precarious and sometimes degrading, is also a space where inmates generate some type of economic value and pass the time. Understanding the meaning of money in this context reveals internal economic dynamics as well as forms of socialization, power, and resistance that emerge in a space of forced cohabitation. Money and other goods serve as a shortcut to navigating the sentence process and surviving in prison.
A series of ethnographic events will allow us to understand what is needed to live in a context of ambulatory deprivation of liberty. We begin by examining the economic exchanges within a men’s prison in Entre Ríos which are fundamental to daily life. In the labor workshops, inmates exchange their work for what is called “peculio,” a form of remuneration that allows the acquisition of basic goods and services. In addition, family visits play a crucial role in accessing resources, as they bring goods from outside, expanding the exchange options within the prison environment. These exchanges not only enable material survival but also define a particular economy, with norms and cultural practices that determine the cost of goods and services exchanged. During the two years of ethnographic fieldwork conducted at Unidad Penal N.º 1 “Juan José O’Connor” we observed the importance of the circulation of goods as a form of resistance and adaptation to the conditions of life. Production within the prison, though often precarious and sometimes degrading, is also a space where inmates generate some type of economic value and pass the time. Understanding the meaning of money in this context reveals internal economic dynamics as well as forms of socialization, power, and resistance that emerge in a space of forced cohabitation. Money and other goods serve as a shortcut to navigating the sentence process and surviving in prison.
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