Application of 2D/3D models and alteration mapping for detecting deterioration processes in rock art heritage (Cerro Colorado, Argentina): A methodological proposal

Abstract

Few rock art studies include the state of alteration analysis. This paper proposes a digital non-invasive comprehensive methodology for assessing the state of alteration of rock art. We used a detailed photographic record for making alteration maps, 2D/3D models, micro-topographic reconstructions, weathering models by zones, and the characterization and prevision of weathering progression processes. We applied DStretch plugin to identify pictograms and rock weathering. With two examples, we propose five basic steps: (1) spatial location of the shelters in their geological context; (2) general record in its geomorphological/environmental contexts; (3) systematic record of the cavities through passive sensors and 3D reconstruction; (4) assessment of the active and non-active degradative processes to gain a dynamic perception of the processes involved in the shelter formation and its evolution up to the present; (5) analysis of single motifs and/or panels to assess the weathering state, propose mitigation measures for preventing further deterioration and facilitating long-term conservation.