Hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física en el micro-entorno familiar y su relación con la malnutrición infantil en contextos socioeconómicos y ambientales vulnerables
; Cesani Rossi, María Florencia 
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Fecha
03/2026
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Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Museo de Antropología
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Revista del Museo de Antropología
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1852-4826
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El micro-entorno familiar desempeña un papel central en la configuración de hábitos durante la infancia. Dichos hábitos se encuentran, a su vez, condicionados por factores socioeconómicos y ambientales que dependen de las estructuras de oportunidades. El objetivo de este estudio fue indagar acerca de los hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física adoptados en el hogar, que podrían vincularse con la malnutrición infantil en contextos socio-económicos y ambientales vulnerables. Se trabajó con familias residentes en barrios populares de La Plata (provincia de Buenos Aires). La muestra estuvo conformada por 502 escolares de 6 a 12 años que asistían a escuelas primarias públicas. Los padres/madres respondieron un cuestionario compuesto por preguntas referidas a hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física y su frecuencia semanal. Asimismo, se relevó el peso y la talla de cada escolar, se determinó el estado nutricional y se estimaron prevalencias de malnutrición (desnutrición, sobrepeso y obesidad). Los resultados indicaron que, en general, los hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física fueron similares en los escolares con y sin malnutrición. No obstante, los varones presentaron prácticas de actividad física más saludables que las mujeres y en algunos barrios se identificaron conductas alimentarias obesogénicas recurrentes: consumo de bebidas azucaradas y alimentos ultraprocesados. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de considerar las dinámicas familiares y las desigualdades territoriales en el diseño de intervenciones orientadas a promover hábitos saludables en la infancia.
The family micro-environment plays a central role in shaping habits during childhood. These habits are, in turn, influenced by socioeconomic and environmental factors that are contingent on existing opportunity structures. The aim of this study was to examine eating and physical activity habits adopted at home that could be linked with child malnutrition in vulnerable socioeconomic and environmental contexts. The study was conducted with families living in low-income neighborhoods of La Plata (Province of Buenos Aires). The sample consisted of 502 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years attending public primary schools. Parents completed a questionnaire including questions about dietary and physical activity habits and their weekly frequency. In addition, each child’s weight and height were measured, nutritional status was determined, and the prevalence of malnutrition (undernutrition, overweight, and obesity) was estimated. The results indicated that, overall, dietary and physical activity habits were similar among children with and without malnutrition. However, boys reported healthier physical activity practices than girls, and in some neighborhoods recurrent obesogenic dietary behaviors were identified, such as the consumption of sugarsweetened beverages and ultra-processed foods. These findings highlight the importance of considering family dynamics and territorial inequalities when designing interventions aimed at promoting healthy habits in childhood.
The family micro-environment plays a central role in shaping habits during childhood. These habits are, in turn, influenced by socioeconomic and environmental factors that are contingent on existing opportunity structures. The aim of this study was to examine eating and physical activity habits adopted at home that could be linked with child malnutrition in vulnerable socioeconomic and environmental contexts. The study was conducted with families living in low-income neighborhoods of La Plata (Province of Buenos Aires). The sample consisted of 502 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years attending public primary schools. Parents completed a questionnaire including questions about dietary and physical activity habits and their weekly frequency. In addition, each child’s weight and height were measured, nutritional status was determined, and the prevalence of malnutrition (undernutrition, overweight, and obesity) was estimated. The results indicated that, overall, dietary and physical activity habits were similar among children with and without malnutrition. However, boys reported healthier physical activity practices than girls, and in some neighborhoods recurrent obesogenic dietary behaviors were identified, such as the consumption of sugarsweetened beverages and ultra-processed foods. These findings highlight the importance of considering family dynamics and territorial inequalities when designing interventions aimed at promoting healthy habits in childhood.
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