Cambios en el consumo alimentario según la dieta pregestacional y percepciones sobre los efectos de la alimentación en la salud de mujeres embarazadas en Córdoba, Argentina
; Agorio, Camila ; Martinez, Camila ; Grande, Maria del Carmen ; Muñoz, Sonia Edith
; Román, María Dolores 
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Fecha
05/2024
Editorial
Universidad de Antioquia. Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética
Revista
Perspectivas en Nutrición Humana
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ISSN
0124-4108
eISSN
2248-454X
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Español
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Resumen
Antecedentes: la alimentación durante la gestación constituye un pilar fundamental para el cuidado de la salud materno infantil a corto, mediano y largo plazo. En este periodo, la interacción de numerosos factores, biológicos y psicosociales, pueden determinar la modificación de la ingesta alimentaria, aspecto poco explorado en nuestro medio. Objetivo: analizar cambios en el consumo de grupos de alimentos respecto a la dieta pregestacional y las percepciones sobre los efectos de la alimentación en la salud de mujeres embarazadas en Córdoba, Argentina (2021-2022). Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional y longitudinal (n = 145). Se recabaron datos sociodemográficos, de salud y sobre el consumo de grupos de alimentos en las etapas pregestacional y gestacional. Se compararon los consumos aplicando la prueba de Wilcoxon y se evaluaron las percepciones sobre el efecto de grupos de alimentos en la salud gestacional aplicando escala de Likert (0 = desfavorable a 10 = favorable). Utilizando la prueba de Spearman, se correlacionó el consumo gestacional y el puntaje otorgado por dicha escala. Resultados: las cantidades de legumbres y cereales integrales, cereales refinados, quesos, pollo, cerdo, pescado, huevos, aceites, frutos secos y semillas, bebidas azucaradas, alimentos grasos, infusiones y bebidas alcohólicas (p < 0,05) disminuyeron durante la gestación; leches y yogures enteros aumentaron (p < 0,05). Los puntajes asignados a grupos de alimentos se correlacionaron de manera negativa con las bebidas azucaradas y de manera positiva con leches, yogures y quesos (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: se observaron cambios en la dieta gestacional. El consumo de bebidas azucaradas, leches, yogures y quesos se correlacionó con las percepciones sobre el efecto alimentario en la salud gestacional.
Background: Nutrition during pregnancy is a fundamental key to the health of both mother and child in the short, medium and long term. During this period, the interaction of numerous biological and psychosocial factors may determine dietary changes, an aspect that is little studied in our country Objective: To analyse dietary changes between pre-pregnancy and pregnancy intakes as well as perceptions that pregnant women have of dietary effects on their own health in Córdoba, Argentina (2021-2022). Materials and Methods: Observational and longitudinal study (n=145). Socio-demographic and health data, pre-gestational and gestational food group intakes were collected. Consumption was compared using the Wilcoxon test. Perceptions of the effect of food groups on pregnancy health were assessed using a Likert scale (0=disagree to 10=agree). Spearman’s test was used to correlate dietary intake with Likert scale scores. Results: The amounts of legumes and whole grains, refined cereals, cheeses, chicken, pork, fish, eggs, oils, nuts and seeds, sugary drinks, fatty foods, herbal teas and alcoholic beverages (p<0.05) decreased during gestation; whole milks and yoghurts increased (p<0.05). Scores assigned to food groups were negatively correlated with sugary drinks and positively correlated with milks, yoghurts and cheeses (p<0.05). Conclusions: Changes in gestational diet were observed. Consumption of sugary drinks, milks, yoghurts and cheeses was correlated with perceptions of dietary effect on gestational health.
Background: Nutrition during pregnancy is a fundamental key to the health of both mother and child in the short, medium and long term. During this period, the interaction of numerous biological and psychosocial factors may determine dietary changes, an aspect that is little studied in our country Objective: To analyse dietary changes between pre-pregnancy and pregnancy intakes as well as perceptions that pregnant women have of dietary effects on their own health in Córdoba, Argentina (2021-2022). Materials and Methods: Observational and longitudinal study (n=145). Socio-demographic and health data, pre-gestational and gestational food group intakes were collected. Consumption was compared using the Wilcoxon test. Perceptions of the effect of food groups on pregnancy health were assessed using a Likert scale (0=disagree to 10=agree). Spearman’s test was used to correlate dietary intake with Likert scale scores. Results: The amounts of legumes and whole grains, refined cereals, cheeses, chicken, pork, fish, eggs, oils, nuts and seeds, sugary drinks, fatty foods, herbal teas and alcoholic beverages (p<0.05) decreased during gestation; whole milks and yoghurts increased (p<0.05). Scores assigned to food groups were negatively correlated with sugary drinks and positively correlated with milks, yoghurts and cheeses (p<0.05). Conclusions: Changes in gestational diet were observed. Consumption of sugary drinks, milks, yoghurts and cheeses was correlated with perceptions of dietary effect on gestational health.
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