Explorando la desigualdad social y sexual en contextos urbanos coloniales a través de la enfermedad degenerativa articular: El caso de Mendoza (Argentina)
; Chiavazza, Horacio Daniel ; Luna, Leandro Hernan 
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Fecha
02/2024
Editorial
Cambridge University Press
Revista
Latin American Antiquity
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1045-6635
eISSN
2325-5080
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Español
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Resumen
La sociedad colonial de Mendoza (siglos dieciséis al diecinueve), ubicada en el centro-oeste del actual territorio argentino, se configuró sobre una base social étnica y biológicamente heterogénea que se plasmó en un sistema de castas y estamentos cuyo elemento distintivo fue la desigualdad. Desde una perspectiva paleopatológica, el estudio de la salud oral, patologías infecciosas, dieta y estrés nutricional en inhumaciones sectorizadas (interior/exterior de los templos) permitió identificar estados de salud diferenciados según la procedencia socioeconómica del difunto. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la distribución de la Enfermedad Degenerativa Articular entre grupos de distinta procedencia socioeconómica inhumados en cinco cementerios católicos coloniales del Sitio Área Fundacional de Mendoza. Se relevaron superficies articulares apendiculares de 66 adultos de ambos sexos. No se registraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre individuos de diferentes sectores de inhumación, pero sí niveles de estrés mecánico funcional diferenciados entre sexos según su procedencia social. Se discute la influencia del sexo, la edad y el tamaño corporal en las tendencias identificadas, siendo esta última la variable que mayor influencia presentó. Los patrones de uso del cuerpo son interpretados en función del contexto histórico, el sexo y el estatus social del difunto y su familia.
The social organization of the Spanish colonies in America was characterized by inequality, configuring dissimilar lifestyles depending on the social class and estate of belonging. Research developed from a paleopathological perspective in the colonial city of Mendoza (sixteenth to nineteenth centuries), located in the central-western part of present-day Argentina, allowed us to identify differentiated health states in individuals buried in cemeteries according to their spatial origin (inside/outside the temples). The aim of this article is to evaluate the distribution of degenerative joint disease (DJD) among groups of different socioeconomic origins buried in five colonial Catholic cemeteries of the Área Fundacional site in Mendoza. Appendicular articular surfaces of 66 adults of both sexes were recorded. No statistically significant differences were found between individuals from different burial sectors, but levels of functional mechanical stress differed between sexes according to their social origin. The influence of sex, age, and body size on the identified trends is discussed, the latter being the most influential variable. Patterns of body use are interpreted in terms of the historical context, sex, and social status of the deceased and their family.
The social organization of the Spanish colonies in America was characterized by inequality, configuring dissimilar lifestyles depending on the social class and estate of belonging. Research developed from a paleopathological perspective in the colonial city of Mendoza (sixteenth to nineteenth centuries), located in the central-western part of present-day Argentina, allowed us to identify differentiated health states in individuals buried in cemeteries according to their spatial origin (inside/outside the temples). The aim of this article is to evaluate the distribution of degenerative joint disease (DJD) among groups of different socioeconomic origins buried in five colonial Catholic cemeteries of the Área Fundacional site in Mendoza. Appendicular articular surfaces of 66 adults of both sexes were recorded. No statistically significant differences were found between individuals from different burial sectors, but levels of functional mechanical stress differed between sexes according to their social origin. The influence of sex, age, and body size on the identified trends is discussed, the latter being the most influential variable. Patterns of body use are interpreted in terms of the historical context, sex, and social status of the deceased and their family.
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