Presencia de adipocira en restos óseos humanos contemporáneos: Su importancia en contextos forenses (Argentina)
; Lamenza, Guillermo Nicolás
; Cesa, Liz Carla ; Desántolo, Bárbara Otros responsables
Fecha
07/2025
Editorial
Sociedad Española de Antropología Física
Revista
Revista Española de Antropología Física
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2253-9921
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Español
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Resumen
Uno de los subproductos más comunes de la degradación de lípidos es la formación de adipocira, que aparece inicialmente como una consistencia pastosa y luego se solidifica hasta asemejarse a cera dura, pudiendo ser resistente a otros cambios de putrefacción. Si bien suele hallarse en ambientes húmedos, también se ha documentado en contextos secos. Su formación es más común en individuos con alto contenido de grasa corporal y puede estar asociada a vestimenta. Entre los factores que suelen contribuir a su desarrollo se incluyen un pH alcalino, temperatura cálida, condiciones anóxicas y humedad adecuada, y la presencia postmortem de bacterias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la relación entre la adipocira en restos óseos humanos y diversos factores que influyen en su formación, en contextos contemporáneos de inhumación. Se estudiaron individuos de la colección osteológica “Prof. Dr. Rómulo Lambre” (Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de La Plata) y restos exhumados arqueológicamente dentro del Cementerio Municipal de La Plata (Argentina). Los resultados muestran una mayor frecuencia de adipocira en diferentes trayectorias, en sectores anegables del cementerio y en envoltorios que retienen humedad. También se identificó una distribución anatómica y por sexo y se reconocieron dos tipos macroscópicos de adipocira (fresca y seca). Valores levemente alcalinos de pH podrían favorecer su formación. Aunque se observan asociaciones, no es posible atribuir la formación de adipocira a un único factor. Estos hallazgos aportan evidencia valiosa para la interpretación de contextos forenses y arqueológicos, contribuyendo a la reconstrucción de las condiciones de inhumación.
One of the most common by-products of lipid degradation is the formation of adipocere which initially appears as a pasty substance and later solidifies into a hard wax-like material, potentially resistant to other decomposition changes. Although it is usually found in humid environments, it has also been documented in dry contexts. Its formation is more common in individuals with a high body fat content and may be associated with clothing. Factors that typically contribute to its development include an alkaline pH, warm temperature, anoxic conditions, adequate moisture, and the postmortem presence of bacteria. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between adipocere in human skeletal remains and various factors that influence its formation in contemporary burial contexts. Individuals from the osteological collection "Prof. Dr. Rómulo Lambre" (School of Medical Sciences - National University of La Plata) and remains archaeologically exhumed from the Municipal Cemetery of La Plata (Argentina) were studied. The results show a higher frequency of adipocere in different trajectories, in waterlogged sectors of the cemetery, and in wrappings that retain moisture. An anatomical and sex-based distribution was also identified, and two macroscopic types of adipocere (fresh and dry) were recognized. Slightly alkaline pH values may favor its formation. Although associations were observed, it is not possible to attribute adipocere formation to a single factor. These findings provide valuable evidence for the interpretation of forensic and archaeological contexts, contributing to the reconstruction of burial conditions.
One of the most common by-products of lipid degradation is the formation of adipocere which initially appears as a pasty substance and later solidifies into a hard wax-like material, potentially resistant to other decomposition changes. Although it is usually found in humid environments, it has also been documented in dry contexts. Its formation is more common in individuals with a high body fat content and may be associated with clothing. Factors that typically contribute to its development include an alkaline pH, warm temperature, anoxic conditions, adequate moisture, and the postmortem presence of bacteria. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between adipocere in human skeletal remains and various factors that influence its formation in contemporary burial contexts. Individuals from the osteological collection "Prof. Dr. Rómulo Lambre" (School of Medical Sciences - National University of La Plata) and remains archaeologically exhumed from the Municipal Cemetery of La Plata (Argentina) were studied. The results show a higher frequency of adipocere in different trajectories, in waterlogged sectors of the cemetery, and in wrappings that retain moisture. An anatomical and sex-based distribution was also identified, and two macroscopic types of adipocere (fresh and dry) were recognized. Slightly alkaline pH values may favor its formation. Although associations were observed, it is not possible to attribute adipocere formation to a single factor. These findings provide valuable evidence for the interpretation of forensic and archaeological contexts, contributing to the reconstruction of burial conditions.
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