Longevidad productiva y habilidad de permanencia en bovinos Criollos Argentinos en la Cuenca del Salado
; Erneta, Luciana ; Martínez, Rubén Darío ; Abbiati, Nidia Nora Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2025
Editorial
Universidad de El Salvador
Revista
Minerva
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3080-9649
eISSN
2521-8794
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Resumen
La raza Bovina Criolla Argentina (BCA) fue mayoritaria hasta comienzos del siglo XX. Sin embargo, en la Cuenca del Salado —región que concentra la mayor producción nacional de terneros para carne— actualmente constituye una población minoritaria. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la longitud de vida productiva (LVP) y la habilidad de permanencia (S) de los vientres en un rodeo de BCA en dicha región. Se evaluaron 196 vacas que iniciaron y completaron su vida reproductiva. La LVP promedio fue de 93,85 meses (rango: 5,84–205,20), mientras que el número de crías totales (NCT) por vaca fue, en promedio, 8,23 (rango: 1–18). Las vacas con entore tradicional (EPP36) superaron a las de entore precoz (EPP24) en 20,6 meses de LVP y en 1,67 crías en promedio. Se identificaron tres grupos según productividad: baja (BP, n = 40), intermedia (PI, n = 52) y alta (AP, n = 104). A medida que aumentó la productividad, disminuyó el parentesco promedio dentro del grupo, lo que indica mayor variabilidad genética en los vientres más productivos. El modelo de regresión logística aplicado a la habilidad de permanencia (S) mostró que un aumento en la edad al primer parto (EPP) se asocia con una mayor probabilidad de que la vaca destete al menos siete crías a lo largo de su vida, respaldando las diferencias observadas entre los grupos EPP24 y EPP36. El uso más frecuente de la raza BCA podría contribuir a mejorar la productividad promedio en los sistemas extensivos de la Cuenca del Salado.
The Argentine Criollo Cattle (BCA) breed was predominant until the early 20th century. However, in the Salado Basin— Argentina’s main beef calf-producing region—it currently represents a minority population. The objective of this study was to analyze the productive lifespan (LVP) and stayability (S) of dams in a BCA herd within this region. A total of 196 dams that both began and completed their reproductive lives were evaluated. The average LVP was 93.85 months (range: 5.84–205.20), and the average total number of calves (NCT) per cow was 8.23 (range: 1–18). Cows with traditional mating (EPP36) outperformed those with early mating (EPP24), with an average advantage of 20.6 months in LVP and 1.67 more calves. Based on productivity, three groups of dams were identified: low (BP, n = 40), intermediate (IP, n = 52), and high (AP, n = 104). As productivity increased, the average kinship within each group decreased, suggesting greater genetic variability among the most productive cows. The logistic regression model for stayability (S) showed that an increase in age at first calving (EPP) was associated with a higher probability of a cow weaning at least seven calves lifelong, supporting the differences observed between EPP24 and EPP36 groups. More frequent use of the BCA breed could contribute to increasing average productivity in the extensive livestock systems of the Salado Basin.
The Argentine Criollo Cattle (BCA) breed was predominant until the early 20th century. However, in the Salado Basin— Argentina’s main beef calf-producing region—it currently represents a minority population. The objective of this study was to analyze the productive lifespan (LVP) and stayability (S) of dams in a BCA herd within this region. A total of 196 dams that both began and completed their reproductive lives were evaluated. The average LVP was 93.85 months (range: 5.84–205.20), and the average total number of calves (NCT) per cow was 8.23 (range: 1–18). Cows with traditional mating (EPP36) outperformed those with early mating (EPP24), with an average advantage of 20.6 months in LVP and 1.67 more calves. Based on productivity, three groups of dams were identified: low (BP, n = 40), intermediate (IP, n = 52), and high (AP, n = 104). As productivity increased, the average kinship within each group decreased, suggesting greater genetic variability among the most productive cows. The logistic regression model for stayability (S) showed that an increase in age at first calving (EPP) was associated with a higher probability of a cow weaning at least seven calves lifelong, supporting the differences observed between EPP24 and EPP36 groups. More frequent use of the BCA breed could contribute to increasing average productivity in the extensive livestock systems of the Salado Basin.
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