Proteólisis cerebral del péptido amiloide-ß: Relevancia de la enzima degradadora de insulina en la enfermedad de Alzheimer
; Fernandez Gamba, Agata Claudia
; Morelli, Laura
; Castaño, Eduardo Miguel 
Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2009
Editorial
Fundación Revista Medicina
Revista
Medicina (Buenos Aires)
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0025-7680
eISSN
1669-9106
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Español
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Resumen
El aumento global de la expectativa de vida convierte a la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) en un problema creciente. Una de las características distintivas de EA es la acumulación excesiva del péptido amiloide ß (Aß) en el cerebro. En los últimos años se ha fortalecido el concepto de que la degradación de Aß por proteasas in situ es un mecanismo importante que previene su acumulación cerebral. Datos bioquímicos y genéticos mostraron que la enzima degradadora de insulina (IDE) participa en la homeostasis de Aß e insulina. La expresión y la actividad de IDE están significativamente disminuidas en cerebros con EA comparados con controles de igual edad. Además, IDE se deposita con Aß en placas seniles y vasos, indicando un grosero cambio conformacional producto de distintos mecanismos post-traduccionales. Estas alteraciones en la distribución y actividad de IDE resultan en una insuficiente degradación de Aß e insulina y promueven la formación de oligómeros de Aß y la resistencia a la hormona, procesos que convergen hacia la neurodegeneración. El estudio de los mecanismos de eliminación de Aß cerebral no sólo ayudará a comprender la patogenia de EA sino que permitirá una mejor interpretación de los ensayos clínicos en curso y el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas.
Cerebral proteolysis of amyloid- peptide: Relevance of insulin-degrading enzyme in Alzheimer’s disease. The global increase in life expectancy turns Alzheimer’s disease (AD) into a growing problem. One of the distinctive features of AD is the excessive accumulation of amyloid- (A) peptide in the brain. In recent years, a concept that has gained strength is that degradation of A by proteases in situ is an important mechanism that prevents cerebral peptide accumulation. Biochemical and genetic data have shown that insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) participates in A and insulin homeostasis. IDE expression and activity are significantly decreased in AD brains compared to age-matched controls. Also, IDE is deposited with A in senile plaques and blood vessels, indicating a gross conformational change as a consequence of diverse post-translational mechanisms. These alterations in IDE distribution and activity may result in insufficient degradation of A and insulin, promoting the formation of A oligomers and hormone resistance. Both processes might play a fundamental part in neurodegeneration. The study of the clearance mechanisms of cerebral A will not only aid in the understanding AD pathogenesis but will also allow a better interpretation of ongoing clinical trials and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Cerebral proteolysis of amyloid- peptide: Relevance of insulin-degrading enzyme in Alzheimer’s disease. The global increase in life expectancy turns Alzheimer’s disease (AD) into a growing problem. One of the distinctive features of AD is the excessive accumulation of amyloid- (A) peptide in the brain. In recent years, a concept that has gained strength is that degradation of A by proteases in situ is an important mechanism that prevents cerebral peptide accumulation. Biochemical and genetic data have shown that insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) participates in A and insulin homeostasis. IDE expression and activity are significantly decreased in AD brains compared to age-matched controls. Also, IDE is deposited with A in senile plaques and blood vessels, indicating a gross conformational change as a consequence of diverse post-translational mechanisms. These alterations in IDE distribution and activity may result in insufficient degradation of A and insulin, promoting the formation of A oligomers and hormone resistance. Both processes might play a fundamental part in neurodegeneration. The study of the clearance mechanisms of cerebral A will not only aid in the understanding AD pathogenesis but will also allow a better interpretation of ongoing clinical trials and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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