Lanzando la moneda. Desarrollo de una prueba informática para evaluar la flexibilidad cognitiva en las personas mayores
; Introzzi, Isabel Maria
; Aydmune, Yésica
; Comesaña, Ana 
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Fecha
06/2024
Editorial
Elsevier
Revista
Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
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0211-139X
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Español
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Antecedentes y objetivoEl envejecimiento poblacional va en aumento. Envejecer se ha asociado con ciertogrado de declive cognitivo, sobre todo en funciones como la flexibilidad cognitiva. Elparadigma de cambio voluntario de tareas es un modelo novedoso para el estudio deesta función. El objetivo de este trabajo fue diseñar y poner a prueba un instrumentoinformatizado para evaluar la flexibilidad cognitiva con este paradigma.Materiales y métodosSe trabajó con una muestra no probabilística e intencional, de personas de 60 y másaños (N = 57; M =70; DT =7.5), el 72% eran mujeres. Se administró una prueba decribado cognoscitivo general (ACE III) y la tarea “Lanzando la moneda”, un programainformatizado con cuatro niveles de complejidad.Resultadosse utilizó una prueba de Wilcoxon para contrastar respuestas de paridad versus detamaño (z(56) = -1.16, p = .24). Para evaluar sesgo de repetición, se realizó unaprueba de Wilcoxon entre respuestas nuevas y repetidas (TR: z(56) = -1.81, p = .07 //Precisión: z(56) = -6.33, p = .00). Se hizo un ANOVA de medidas repetidas entretiempos de reacción antes, durante y luego de un cambio de respuesta, F(1.02)= 59.6,p<0.01, n2 = .937, B-1=1. Y un ANOVA de medidas repetidas entre los TR medios pornivel, F(3)= 7.92, p<0.001, n2 = .128, B-1= .98.Conclusionesla prueba se diseñó con una estructura progresiva por niveles. Los supuestos teóricosdel paradigma se demostraron parcialmente mostrando su utilidad para la evaluación yentrenamiento en flexibilidad cognitiva.
Background: The aging population is increasing. Aging has been associated with some degree of cognitive decline, especially in functions such as cognitive flexibility. The voluntary task-switching paradigm is a novel model for studying this function. The aim of this work was to design and test a computerized instrument to assess cognitive flexibility with this paradigm. Methods: A non-probabilistic and intentional sample of individuals aged 60 and above (N = 57; M = 70; SD = 7.5), 72% of whom were women, was utilized. A general cognitive screening test (ACE III) and the “Coin Tossing” task, a computerized program consisting of four levels of complexity, were administered. Results: A Wilcoxon test was used to contrast parity versus size responses (z(56) = −1.16, P=.24). To assess repetition bias, a Wilcoxon test was conducted between new and repeated responses (TR: z(56) = −1.81,P=.07 // Accuracy: z(56) = −6.33, P=.00). A repeated measures ANOVA was performed between reaction times before, during, and after a response change, F(1.02) = 59.6, P<.01, 2 = .937, B-1 = 1. And a repeated measures ANOVA between mean RTs per level, F(3) = 7.92, P<.001, 2 = .128, B-1 = .98. Conclusions: The test was designed with a progressive structure across levels. The theoretical assumptions of the paradigm were partially demonstrated, showing its utility for the assessment and training of cognitive flexibility.
Background: The aging population is increasing. Aging has been associated with some degree of cognitive decline, especially in functions such as cognitive flexibility. The voluntary task-switching paradigm is a novel model for studying this function. The aim of this work was to design and test a computerized instrument to assess cognitive flexibility with this paradigm. Methods: A non-probabilistic and intentional sample of individuals aged 60 and above (N = 57; M = 70; SD = 7.5), 72% of whom were women, was utilized. A general cognitive screening test (ACE III) and the “Coin Tossing” task, a computerized program consisting of four levels of complexity, were administered. Results: A Wilcoxon test was used to contrast parity versus size responses (z(56) = −1.16, P=.24). To assess repetition bias, a Wilcoxon test was conducted between new and repeated responses (TR: z(56) = −1.81,P=.07 // Accuracy: z(56) = −6.33, P=.00). A repeated measures ANOVA was performed between reaction times before, during, and after a response change, F(1.02) = 59.6, P<.01, 2 = .937, B-1 = 1. And a repeated measures ANOVA between mean RTs per level, F(3) = 7.92, P<.001, 2 = .128, B-1 = .98. Conclusions: The test was designed with a progressive structure across levels. The theoretical assumptions of the paradigm were partially demonstrated, showing its utility for the assessment and training of cognitive flexibility.
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