Estado actual de conocimiento, empleo y comercialización de hongos alimenticios silvestres y cultivados en Bolivia
; Suarez, Maria Eugenia
; Cuba, Irelis M. M. ; Arce, Wilma ; Rocabado, Diana ; Lechner, Bernardo Ernesto 
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Fecha
05/2025
Editorial
Fundación Miguel Lillo
Revista
Lilloa
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2346-9641
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Español
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Resumen
Este trabajo presenta información sobre el estado de conocimiento, empleo, recolección, producción y comercialización de hongos comestibles en Bolivia. Para ello, se recopilaron datos a partir de una revisión bibliográfica afín al tema, entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas, y observación participante, así como el estudio de material fúngico recolectado en el transcurso de trabajos de campo realizados en los Departamentos de La Paz, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Beni, Potosí y Chuquisaca. Se registraron 17 especies de hongos silvestres comestibles recolectados y empleados por los pueblos indígenas aymara, quechua, tacana, originario-campesinos y mestizos. De estas, cinco especies silvestres —Agaricus sp., Chlorophyllum hortense, Mycosarcoma maydis, Suillus cf. granulatus y S. luteus— son también comercializadas por vendedores particulares y por cuatro comunidades indígenas organizadas para tal fin, junto con algunos productos derivados manufacturados por ellos mismos. Por otro lado, cinco especies —Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, P. djamor, P. ostreatus, y Lentinula edodes— son cultivadas y ofertadas en el mercado interno por siete empresas bolivianas, alcanzando una producción de hongos frescos de cinco toneladas mensuales aproximadamente. Se presentan brevemente los usos tradicionales e industriales de las levaduras en la elaboración de bebidas fermentadas. Asimismo, se detallan aspectos administrativos y legislativos relevantes, como el envasado, la certificación y la comercialización de productos frescos y procesados basados en hongos. Finalmente, se exponen las principales problemáticas logísticas y técnicas mencionadas por productores y recolectores, para las que se proponen sugerencias que podrían contribuir a superarlas y a fortalecer sus economías y actividades en línea con la soberanía y seguridad alimentarias y el Buen Vivir.
This work provides information on the current state of knowledge, uses, collection, production and commercialization of edible mushrooms in Bolivia. To achieve this, data were collected from a literature review related to the subject, open and semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and participant observation, as well as from the study of fungal material collected during field work carried out in La Paz, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Beni, Potosí and Chuquisaca departments. Seventeen species of wild edible mushrooms were recorded as collected and used by indigenous communities including Aymara, Quechua, Tacana, Originario Campesino, and Mestizo peoples. Five wild species —Agaricus sp., Chlorophyllum hortense, Mycosarcoma maydis, Suillus cf. granulatus and S. luteus—are also commercialized by private vendors and four indigenous communities organized for this purpose, which also sell some derived products elaborated by them. Furthermore, five species —Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, P. djamor, P. citrinopileatus and Lentinula edodes— are cultivated and offered in the domestic market by seven Bolivian companies, reaching a production of approximately five tons of fresh mushrooms per month. Traditional and industrial uses of yeasts fermented beverage production are briefly presented. Relevant administrative and legislative aspects, such as packaging, certification and marketing of fresh and processed mushroom-based products, are also detailed. Finally, the main logistical and technical problems mentioned by producers and gatherers are presented, along with suggestions that could contribute to overcoming them and strengthening their economies and activities aligned with food sovereignty, food security, and ‘Buen Vivir’ (Well living).
This work provides information on the current state of knowledge, uses, collection, production and commercialization of edible mushrooms in Bolivia. To achieve this, data were collected from a literature review related to the subject, open and semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and participant observation, as well as from the study of fungal material collected during field work carried out in La Paz, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Beni, Potosí and Chuquisaca departments. Seventeen species of wild edible mushrooms were recorded as collected and used by indigenous communities including Aymara, Quechua, Tacana, Originario Campesino, and Mestizo peoples. Five wild species —Agaricus sp., Chlorophyllum hortense, Mycosarcoma maydis, Suillus cf. granulatus and S. luteus—are also commercialized by private vendors and four indigenous communities organized for this purpose, which also sell some derived products elaborated by them. Furthermore, five species —Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, P. djamor, P. citrinopileatus and Lentinula edodes— are cultivated and offered in the domestic market by seven Bolivian companies, reaching a production of approximately five tons of fresh mushrooms per month. Traditional and industrial uses of yeasts fermented beverage production are briefly presented. Relevant administrative and legislative aspects, such as packaging, certification and marketing of fresh and processed mushroom-based products, are also detailed. Finally, the main logistical and technical problems mentioned by producers and gatherers are presented, along with suggestions that could contribute to overcoming them and strengthening their economies and activities aligned with food sovereignty, food security, and ‘Buen Vivir’ (Well living).
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