El Olivar de los Valles áridos del Noroeste de Argentina (provincia de Catamarca, La Rioja y San Juan)
; Searles, Peter Stoughton 
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Fecha
12/2010
Editorial
Consejo Oleícola Internacional
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Olivae
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0255-996X
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Resumen
El cultivo del olivo en Argentina tiene su origen en la colonización española, siendo en la localidad de Arauco (La Rioja) donde se realizaron las primeras plantaciones. Queda el Olivo Cuatricentenario como testigo de aquella época (Foto 1). El desarrollo del cultivo no tuvo lugar, sin embargo, hasta finales del siglo XIX, como consecuencia de la fuerte inmigración latina que no encontraba suficiente aceite en el mercado argentino. En 1953 llegaron a estimarse en 7,5 millones los olivos plantados en el país; algunos de estos olivares se mantienen cerca de los cascos urbanos (Foto 2). A partir de 1960 se inició, no obstante, una decadencia de la olivicultura argentina como consecuencia de la competencia con los aceites de girasol y maíz (en teoría más sanos y baratos), lo que provocó la caída de la rentabilidad de las explotaciones y, en consecuencia, el abandono de plantaciones o la reconversión mediante injerto con variedades de mesa o de doble aptitud. En 1984 se cultivaban tan sólo 3,72 millones de plantas, muchas de ellas en condiciones inadecuadas.
The origins of olive growing in Argentina can be traced to the Spanish colonisation when the first orchards were planted in Arauco (La Rioja). A 400-yearold specimen survives to this day as testimony to that period (Photo 1). However, it was not until the late 19th century that olive cultivation started to develop to cope with demand from the influx of Italian and Spanish immigrants which supplies from the existing Argentinean market were unable to meet. In 1953 there were estimated to be 7.5 million olive trees in the country, some of which were planted near urban areas (Photo 2). Olive growing started to decline in 1960 as it came up against competition from sunflower and corn oil (theoretically healthier and cheaper). Farm profitability decreased and olive orchards were abandoned or grafted to convert them to table olive or dualpurpose varieties. By 1984, only 3.72 million olive trees were cultivated, many in inadequate conditions.
The origins of olive growing in Argentina can be traced to the Spanish colonisation when the first orchards were planted in Arauco (La Rioja). A 400-yearold specimen survives to this day as testimony to that period (Photo 1). However, it was not until the late 19th century that olive cultivation started to develop to cope with demand from the influx of Italian and Spanish immigrants which supplies from the existing Argentinean market were unable to meet. In 1953 there were estimated to be 7.5 million olive trees in the country, some of which were planted near urban areas (Photo 2). Olive growing started to decline in 1960 as it came up against competition from sunflower and corn oil (theoretically healthier and cheaper). Farm profitability decreased and olive orchards were abandoned or grafted to convert them to table olive or dualpurpose varieties. By 1984, only 3.72 million olive trees were cultivated, many in inadequate conditions.
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