Evidencias de rupturas sucesivas del dique natural de la Laguna Blanca, Andes Centrales (31º S)
; Moreiras, Stella Maris
; Correas Gonzalez, Mariana 
Otros responsables
Fecha
06/2023
Editorial
Asociación Geológica Argentina
Revista
Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina
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ISSN
0004-4822
eISSN
1851-8249
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Español
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Resumen
La caracterización de los diques naturales generados por grandes colapsosde laderas es el primer paso para definir su riesgo potencial de ruptura y descargarepentina, el cual es un peligro para las poblaciones aguas abajo. En este trabajo, sepresentan rupturas antiguas de la Laguna Blanca, un dique natural generado por unaavalancha de rocas en una zona encajonada de la cuenca del Río Blanco, provincia deSan Juan. Mediante sensores remotos y reconocimiento de campo se establecierondos niveles lacustres antiguos que se drenaron, erosionando el depósito de avalanchaoriginal. La paleo-laguna más antigua se extendía al menos 80 m por encima del nivelde agua actual, ocupando 2.14x106 m2, el cual se estima descargó catastróficamente.La segunda paleo-laguna, se extendió al menos 5 m por encima del nivel de aguaactual, también descargando de forma repentina. Se estimaron índices de estabilidadde acuerdo a los parámetros calculados para cada fase de la laguna desde suformación. Los índices calculados para las paleo-lagunas arrojan resultados variablesen cuanto a la estabilidad. Esto podría deberse a la variabilidad de los parámetrosinfluyentes en los cálculos de estabilidad y la falta de representación de los AndesCentrales. La condición de estabilidad de la actual Laguna Blanca es meta-establedependiendo de factores externos que modifiquen su estado natural tales como,sacudidas sísmicas, erosión intensa y superficial del material de avalancha yreincidencia de eventos de caída de rocas o avalanchas de roca en el cuerpo de agua.
The characterization of natural dams, caused by landslides, is the first step for defining their potential risk of a sudden discharge, which might cause catastrophic effects downstream. In this paper, we study successive collapses of the Blanca Lake, dammed by a rock avalanche in a narrow valley of the Blanco river basin, in San Juan province. Using remote sensing techniques and detailed sedimentological studies, two paleo-lake levels were recognized, which partially breached in at least two outburst events. The oldest level was recognized 80 m above the existing lake, taking up to 2.14x106 m2 and collapsing catastrophically. The second level was at least 5 m higher than the present lake, also drained by a sudden collapse. Stability indexes were calculated based on the estimated morfometric parameters for each stage of the lake, such as height, width and length from both the lake and dam, but also from the infered paleo-lakes and paleo-dams. The calculated indexes for the paleo-lakes were contrasting in terms of stability. This could a consequence of the variability of the influencing parameters that affect the stability and the lack of representation of Andean lakes. As result, the stability of the Blanca Lake is considered as under steady-state conditions that could be modified by external influences that affect this state, such as seismic shaking, internal and superficial erosion of the rock avalanche deposit by sediment-free water and slope collapses within the lake.
The characterization of natural dams, caused by landslides, is the first step for defining their potential risk of a sudden discharge, which might cause catastrophic effects downstream. In this paper, we study successive collapses of the Blanca Lake, dammed by a rock avalanche in a narrow valley of the Blanco river basin, in San Juan province. Using remote sensing techniques and detailed sedimentological studies, two paleo-lake levels were recognized, which partially breached in at least two outburst events. The oldest level was recognized 80 m above the existing lake, taking up to 2.14x106 m2 and collapsing catastrophically. The second level was at least 5 m higher than the present lake, also drained by a sudden collapse. Stability indexes were calculated based on the estimated morfometric parameters for each stage of the lake, such as height, width and length from both the lake and dam, but also from the infered paleo-lakes and paleo-dams. The calculated indexes for the paleo-lakes were contrasting in terms of stability. This could a consequence of the variability of the influencing parameters that affect the stability and the lack of representation of Andean lakes. As result, the stability of the Blanca Lake is considered as under steady-state conditions that could be modified by external influences that affect this state, such as seismic shaking, internal and superficial erosion of the rock avalanche deposit by sediment-free water and slope collapses within the lake.
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