Biomimetic fibrous polymeric scaffolds for the regeneration of urethral segments

Abstract

Urethral reconstruction is of significant importance due to its crucial role in maintaining urinary function and overall quality of life. Advances in medical technology and surgical techniques have expanded the options for urethral reconstruction, offering personalized approaches tailored to individual patient needs. These may include tissue engineering, grafting procedures, endoscopic interventions, or open surgical techniques. In this work, the fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds based on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and hyaluronic acid (HA) has been investigated for potential application in urethral reconstruction. Tubular scaffolds comprised PCL nanofibers, co-electrospun fibers of PCL and HA/PEO, and porous PCL scaffolds infiltrated with HA. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the fibrous mats were homogeneous with randomly orientated and defect-free fibers in all scaffolds. The characteristic bands of PCL were identified in the FTIR-ATR analysis, with signals related to HA detected after the infiltration process. In vitro results demonstrated cytocompatibility, enabling successful fibroblasts culture on the constructs. In addition, mechanical properties of the tubular scaffolds were assessed using a continuous circulation biodynamic simulator. Interestingly, the pressure-diameter profiles of the materials exhibited a biological response, and the compliance and elasticity values of PCL and hybrid scaffolds resembled those of the natural human urethra.