Effects and translocation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products into aquatic plants

Abstract

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) can be absorbed, translocated, bioaccumulated, and metabolized by aquatic plants. However, plants can suffer adverse effects that can disrupt their structure and function. Most research has been aimed to understand the uptake or effects of PPCPs separately. The main objective of this chapter was to identify species and compounds for which both uptake and effects have been assessed together. A compilation and discussion of selected articles evaluating individual exposure to PPCPs under hydroponic conditions and reporting data on bioaccumulation in aerial tissues and/or roots and their associated effects (e.g., morphological, physiological, or biochemical) was undertaken. In general, it was concluded that PPCPs do not bioaccumulate in aquatic plants exposed to high concentrations ≥1,000 μg/L, irrespective of the plant growth form. However, low concentrations <100 μg/L of some PPCPs can be highly bioaccumulated in Lemna minor, Egeria densa, and Salvinia molesta. In general, a decrease in biomass, impairment of photosynthetic processes, and oxidative stress have been observed with PPCP exposure. It is therefore highly recommended that the ability of PPCPs to uptake, translocate, and bioaccumulate in other species exposed to low concentrations be tested to clarify whether they may suffer adverse effects.