Las prácticas del poder: discusiones en torno al problema de la acción política empresaria

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Fecha
05/2012
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Universidad del Pacífico
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0252-1865
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Resumen
El estudio sistemático de la acción política empresaria constituye aún una deuda pendiente en las ciencias sociales. En este sentido, las investigaciones se han concentrado en explicar cómo se comportan los empresarios en determinados contextos, pero el por qué ha sido por lo general deducido de un conjunto de axiomas teóricos antes que planteado como objeto de investigación empírica. En este trabajo propongo poner el foco en la comprensión de los mecanismos y procesos que llevan a los empresarios a actuar de una determinada manera. Con ese fin, realizo una revisión de la literatura disponible para pensar la acción empresaria como un problema. En base a esa revisión, sugiero que para poder comprender el accionar de los empresarios no es posible analizar sus comportamientos desde una sola mirada, sino que es necesario contar con una perspectiva teórica multidimensional que tenga en cuenta los distintos factores que intervienen en ello. De este modo, sugiero que las teorías más aceptadas, basadas en los intereses y en la elección racional de los actores, deben complementarse con otros abordajes teóricos.
The systematic analysis of the business political action is still a debt for much of the social sciences. To this extent, most studies focused on business behavior have tried to explain how businessmen behave rather than why they do what they do. The why has been usually theoretically deduced from a set of axioms that determine what can be expected from business’ action. This paper proposes a shift on the focus and suggests the need for a more critical empirical research on the mechanisms and processes that help to explain why business act in certain ways under certain circumstances. With this aim, the paper visits a set of theories that taken together build a frame for discussing the business political action as a research problem. Based on that revision, the paper also suggests that in order to comprehend the businesses political behavior no single theory is enough, but a multi-dimensional perspective is necessary. Finally, this paper argues that the most commonly accepted theories on business action and decision making (those based on the material interests and rational choice theories) need to be complemented with other theoretical approaches.
The systematic analysis of the business political action is still a debt for much of the social sciences. To this extent, most studies focused on business behavior have tried to explain how businessmen behave rather than why they do what they do. The why has been usually theoretically deduced from a set of axioms that determine what can be expected from business’ action. This paper proposes a shift on the focus and suggests the need for a more critical empirical research on the mechanisms and processes that help to explain why business act in certain ways under certain circumstances. With this aim, the paper visits a set of theories that taken together build a frame for discussing the business political action as a research problem. Based on that revision, the paper also suggests that in order to comprehend the businesses political behavior no single theory is enough, but a multi-dimensional perspective is necessary. Finally, this paper argues that the most commonly accepted theories on business action and decision making (those based on the material interests and rational choice theories) need to be complemented with other theoretical approaches.
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