Nanocomposite electrospun micro/nanofibers for biomedical applications

Abstract

In recent years, the micro/nanofibers obtained by electrohydrodynamic techniques have gained huge interest for use in many novel biomedical and technological applications. The main features of electrospun nanostructures include high surface area, high porosity, surface functionality, superior bioactive properties over bulk materials and complex assemblies and architectures. Technological advances have brought new methods for the production of assemblies and hierarchically organized and multifunctional structures. Recent innovations in the processing techniques provide novel properties and functionalities at micro- and nanoscale opening new possibilities for the improvement of current structures. In the biomedical field, the biomimetic features and interesting properties of biocompatible composite nanomaterials play a key role in stimulating tissue regeneration. In this chapter, different polymeric-based nanocomposite electrospun micro/nanofibers for biomedical applications such as tissue-engineered scaffolds and regenerative medicine, dressings for wound healing, prosthetic/implant devices with antibacterial properties, biosensors and other applications are reviewed. Polymer-based nanocomposites including nanohydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate, bioactive glasses, carbon nanotubes/nanofibers, graphene, graphene oxide, iron-oxide, and silver nanoparticles are discussed. Current advances in the above-mentioned areas are also covered.