Origen y distribución espacial de linajes maternos nativos en el noroeste y centro oeste argentinos
; Muzzio, Marina
; Ramallo, Virginia
; Rodenak Kladniev, Boris ; Alfaro, Emma L. ; Dipierri, José Edgardo ; Bailliet, Graciela
; Bravi, Claudio Marcelo 
Otros responsables
Fecha
01/2013
Editorial
Sociedad Argentina de Antropología Biológica
Revista
Revista Argentina de Antropología Biológica
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1853-6387
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Resumen
El empleo de los polimorfismos del ADN mitocondrial para caracterizar a las poblaciones humanas ha permitido distinguir patrones geográficos de distribución de linajes, detectando posibles rutas de poblamiento. En Argentina existen regiones clásicamente identificadas como libres de pueblos originarios, quedando espacios vacíos de información en cuanto a la distribución de linajes nativos. Sin embargo, los pueblos de las regiones del centro-oeste y noroeste no fueron exterminados sino que fueron asimilados biológicamente primero, a la sociedad colonial y luego, a la sociedad estatal. Los procesos de mestizaje tuvieron una tendencia sexo asimétrica permitiendo la conservación de los linajes maternos nativos en elevadas proporciones. En este trabajo se analizan 1951 muestras obtenidas en centros de salud de catorce localidades del centro-oeste y noroeste de Argentina y se comprueba que el 90% de los haplogrupos mitocondriales son propios de América. La agrupación de localidades en base a la distribución de frecuencias de haplogrupos nativos mediante AMOVA indica que las localidades de Maimará y La Quiaca constituyen una entidad claramente diferenciada, en coincidencia con los datos arqueológicos y lingüísticos. Las elevadas frecuencias de haplogrupo D en La Rioja y de haplogrupo A en Villa Tulumaya pueden representar fenómenos poblacionales prehispánicos. Se postula entonces la utilidad de abordar a la población actual como vía de acceso al conocimiento del origen de los linajes mitocondriales nativos y su distribución espacial.
The use of mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms for identifying human populations has allowed the distinction of geographical patterns of lineage distribution, detecting possible peopling routes. In Argentina there are regions that were classically defined as empty of Native American people, leaving areas without information regarding the Native lineage distribution. However, the peoples of the Center-West and North-West were not exterminated but biologically assimilated first to the colonial society and then to the state society. The admixture processes had a sex-asymmetric tendency, allowing the conservation of maternal lineages in high proportions. In this paper we analyze 1951 samples from healthcare centers in 14 locations of the Center-West and North-West of Argentina and we found that 90% of the mitochondrial haplogroups are American. This means that by studying the current population we can access the Native American mitochondrial lineages. In this context we tested grouping locations by their haplogroup frequency distribution with an AMOVA. We found that Maimará and La Quiaca are a clearly differentiated entity, in coincidence with archaeological and linguistic data. It should be pointed out that the high frequencies of haplogroup D in La Rioja and haplogroup A in Villa Tulumaya may represent prehispanic population phenomena. We hypothesize then the usefulness of studying the current population as a way to know the origin of native mitochondrial lineages and their spatial distribution.
The use of mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms for identifying human populations has allowed the distinction of geographical patterns of lineage distribution, detecting possible peopling routes. In Argentina there are regions that were classically defined as empty of Native American people, leaving areas without information regarding the Native lineage distribution. However, the peoples of the Center-West and North-West were not exterminated but biologically assimilated first to the colonial society and then to the state society. The admixture processes had a sex-asymmetric tendency, allowing the conservation of maternal lineages in high proportions. In this paper we analyze 1951 samples from healthcare centers in 14 locations of the Center-West and North-West of Argentina and we found that 90% of the mitochondrial haplogroups are American. This means that by studying the current population we can access the Native American mitochondrial lineages. In this context we tested grouping locations by their haplogroup frequency distribution with an AMOVA. We found that Maimará and La Quiaca are a clearly differentiated entity, in coincidence with archaeological and linguistic data. It should be pointed out that the high frequencies of haplogroup D in La Rioja and haplogroup A in Villa Tulumaya may represent prehispanic population phenomena. We hypothesize then the usefulness of studying the current population as a way to know the origin of native mitochondrial lineages and their spatial distribution.
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