Detección del Estado Atencional Humano en Zorros en Cautiverio: Influencia de los Niveles de Sociabilidad
; Bentosela, Mariana
; Barrera, Gabriela Luciana 
Otros responsables
Fecha
07/2017
Editorial
Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Departamento de Psicología
Revista
Revista de Psicología
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0719-0581
eISSN
0719-0581
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Español
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Resumen
Los perros domésticos (Canis lupus familiaris) se destacan en sus habilidades comunicativas para la interacción con las personas. Los procesos de domesticación y ontogenia juegan un papel fundamental para el surgimiento de estas habilidades; la evaluación de especies de cánidos no domesticadas es relevante a esta temática. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la habilidad de dos especies de zorros (Lycalopex gymnocercus y Cerdocyon thous) para diferenciar el estado atencional humano. Para acceder a la comida, los sujetos elegían entre una persona de frente (atenta) y otra de espaldas (desatenta). Dado que los individuos difieren en sus niveles de sociabilidad, las preferencias en la prueba podrían estar moduladas por estos niveles, por tal motivo aplicamos una prueba de sociabilidad que permitió clasificar a los zorros en dos grupos: sociable y no sociable. Los zorros del grupo sociable se aproximaron a la persona atenta para obtener comida, mientras que los del grupo no sociable evitaron acercarse a la misma, prefiriendo obtener la comida de la desatenta, o bien no se acercaron a ninguna de las dos personas. Esto indica que los zorros son sensibles al estado atencional, pero su comportamiento se modifica según su nivel de sociabilidad. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las experiencias previas de interacción con lo humanos son importantes, y la habilidad no se explica exclusivamente por la domesticación.
Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) show special communicative skills in their interaction with people. Domestication and ontogeny processes play a key role in the origin of these abilities. Studies carried out on other species of canids, which have not been domesticated are relevant to this topic. We evaluate the ability of two species of captive foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus y Cerdocyon thous) to discriminate human attentional state. To obtain food, foxes had to choose between a person facing forward (attentive) and another looking backwards (inattentive). Since individuals tend to differ in their levels of sociability, the preferences in the test may be modulated by these levels. For this reason we also applied a sociability test that allowed us to classify two groups: sociable and unsociable foxes. Results showed that foxes of the sociable group approached the attentive person to obtain food; those of the non-sociable group avoided approaching her, preferring to obtain the food from the inattentive, or do not approach any of them. This indicates that foxes are sensitive to the human attentional state, but their behavior is modified according to the level of sociability that they possess. Our results suggest that interaction with humans during ontogeny is important, and the ability is not exclusively explained by the processes of domestication.
Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) show special communicative skills in their interaction with people. Domestication and ontogeny processes play a key role in the origin of these abilities. Studies carried out on other species of canids, which have not been domesticated are relevant to this topic. We evaluate the ability of two species of captive foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus y Cerdocyon thous) to discriminate human attentional state. To obtain food, foxes had to choose between a person facing forward (attentive) and another looking backwards (inattentive). Since individuals tend to differ in their levels of sociability, the preferences in the test may be modulated by these levels. For this reason we also applied a sociability test that allowed us to classify two groups: sociable and unsociable foxes. Results showed that foxes of the sociable group approached the attentive person to obtain food; those of the non-sociable group avoided approaching her, preferring to obtain the food from the inattentive, or do not approach any of them. This indicates that foxes are sensitive to the human attentional state, but their behavior is modified according to the level of sociability that they possess. Our results suggest that interaction with humans during ontogeny is important, and the ability is not exclusively explained by the processes of domestication.
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