Relaciones entre la flexibilidad cognitiva y la inhibición de acceso, de borrado y de restricción en niños y adolescentes

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Fecha
03/2012
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Psicología. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado
Revista
Anuario de Proyectos e Informes de Becarios de Investigación
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1668-7477
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La autorregulación es el conjunto de autoajustes correctivos necesarios para lograr objetivos emocionales, conductuales y cognitivos. Su mecanismo principal es la inhibición cognitiva, que puede subdividirse en Acceso -controla el ingreso de información irrelevante al foco atencional-, Borrado -suprime la información irrelevante que accedió al foco atencional por una falla en el Acceso o porque tal información fue relevante pero ya no lo es más- y Restricción -inhibe una tendencia conductual fuerte, permitiendo actuar flexiblemente-. Así, la inhibición cognitiva está vinculada con otra función autorregulatoria, la flexibilidad cognitiva. Actualmente no se registran estudios que analicen las relaciones entre los tres procesos inhibitorios y la flexibilidad cognitiva. Asimismo, estos mecanismos se vuelven más eficientes con la edad, pero no está claro cuándo se producen los cambios más significativos. Por ende, se propone estudiar las relaciones entre la flexibilidad cognitiva y los procesos inhibitorios en sujetos de 6-7 (1er año de primario), 10-11 (5º año de primaria) y 16-17 años (5º año de secundaria). Se aplicarán tareas que permiten obtener información precisa, confiable y controlada. Se espera encontrar una asociación positiva entre la flexibilidad cognitiva y los procesos inhibitorios, y un mejor rendimiento en las tareas a mayor edad de los participantes.
Self-regulation is the set of correct self-adjustments necessary to accomplish emotional, behavioral and cognitive goals. Its main mechanism is cognitive inhibition, that can be subdivided into Access -controls the access of irrelevant information into the attentional focus-, Deletion -suppresses the irrelevant information that entered the attentional focus due to Access´ failure or because it was relevant in a previous situation but it is not anymore-, and Restraint - inhibits a strong behavioral tendency, enabling flexible action-. Thus, cognitive inhibition is related to another self-regulatory function, cognitive flexibility. Up to date, there are no studies that analyze the relationships between cognitive flexibility and inhibitory processes. Likewise, these mechanisms become more efficient with age, but it is not clear when the most significant changes occur. Hence, we propose to study the relationships between these functions in 6- to 7- year-old-children (1st elementary school year), 10- to 11-year-old-children (5th elementary school year) and 16- to 17-year-olds (5th high school year). A set of tasks that allow for accurate, reliable and controlled information will be used. A positive association between cognitive flexibility and inhibitory processes, as well as a better performance with increasing age, are expected to be found.
Self-regulation is the set of correct self-adjustments necessary to accomplish emotional, behavioral and cognitive goals. Its main mechanism is cognitive inhibition, that can be subdivided into Access -controls the access of irrelevant information into the attentional focus-, Deletion -suppresses the irrelevant information that entered the attentional focus due to Access´ failure or because it was relevant in a previous situation but it is not anymore-, and Restraint - inhibits a strong behavioral tendency, enabling flexible action-. Thus, cognitive inhibition is related to another self-regulatory function, cognitive flexibility. Up to date, there are no studies that analyze the relationships between cognitive flexibility and inhibitory processes. Likewise, these mechanisms become more efficient with age, but it is not clear when the most significant changes occur. Hence, we propose to study the relationships between these functions in 6- to 7- year-old-children (1st elementary school year), 10- to 11-year-old-children (5th elementary school year) and 16- to 17-year-olds (5th high school year). A set of tasks that allow for accurate, reliable and controlled information will be used. A positive association between cognitive flexibility and inhibitory processes, as well as a better performance with increasing age, are expected to be found.
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