Evaluación del impacto de las actividades rurales en la calidad del agua de la microcuenca del arroyo Burgos (San Pedro, Provincia de Buenos Aires)
; Paz, Marta ; Mantovano, Julian Gonzalo ; de Cabo, Laura Isabel
; Bollani, Sabrina Natalia ; Chagas, Celio Ignacio ; Nuñez, Lidia ; Tornello, Carina Sandra ; Moretton, Juan Agustin Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2018
Editorial
Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia
Revista
Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales
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ISSN
1514-5158
eISSN
1853-0400
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Español
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Resumen
En la región Pampeana (Argentina) se han producido profundos cambios en los agroecosistemas como resultado de los diversos contaminantes generados por las actividades agrícolas y ganaderas. El objetivo del pre-sente trabajo fue evaluar la calidad de las aguas de la microcuenca del arroyo Burgos (San Pedro, Provincia de Buenos Aires) a través de la aplicación de índices de calidad de aguas (ICAs), indicadores de contaminación fecal y bioensayos con algas. Se llevaron a cabo tres muestreos en el año 2015 y se seleccionaron seis sitios de muestreo, cuatro a lo largo de un arroyo tributario de orden 1, y dos en el arroyo Burgos. Se utilizaron dos índices de calidad ambiental: el ICA1, cuyas variables fueron temperatura, OD y NH4+, y el ICA2, cuyas variables fueron pH, OD, temperatura, nitratos, PRS y coliformes fecales. Según el ICA1, la calidad del agua osciló entre polución leve a muy elevada, y según el ICA2, fue de regular a pésima. La concentración de microorganismos indicadores de contami-nación fecal fue similar en todas las muestras, mientras que se observaros diferencias significativas en las concen-traciones de Salmonella spp. Según el análisis de correlación, las precipitaciones participarían en el transporte de microorganimos coliformes a las aguas superficiales a través de procesos de escorrentía superficial. Por otra parte, la inhibición del crecimiento algal no estaría relacionada con el glifosato, cuyas concentraciones fueron de entre 0,35 y 13,57 μg/L. Los resultados sugieren que la aplicación de diferentes indicadores podría ser una herramienta útil para evaluar la calidad ambiental de aguas superficiales de la llanura pampeana, en particular los índices que incluyan la concentración de microorganimos coliformes en su ecuación.
The Pampas region (Argentina) have suffered profound changes in the agroecosystems as a result of many pollutants generated by agricultural and livestock activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality of a microbasin belonging to the Burgos stream (San Pedro, Province of Buenos Aires) through the application of water quality indexes (ICAs), faecal contamination indica-tors and algae bioassays. Three samplings were carried out in 2015 and six sampling sites were selected, four along the tributary stream of order 1, and two in the stream. Two ICAs were used: ICA1, whose variables were temperature, OD and NH4+, and ICA2, whose variables were pH, OD, temperature, nitrates, PRS and faecal coliforms. According to the ICA1, water quality ranged from slight to very high pollution, and according to the ICA2, from regular to dreadful quality. The concentration of faecal indicators microorganisms was similar in all the samples, while significant differences were observed in the concentrations of Salmonella spp. According to the correlation analysis, precipitation would participate in the transport of coliform microorganisms to surface waters through surface runoff processes. On the other hand, the inhibition of algal growth would not be related to glyphosate, whose concentrations were between 0.35 and 13.57 μg/L. The results suggest that the application of different indicators could be a very useful tool to evaluate the environmental quality of surface waters from the Pampas plain, in particular the use of indexes including coliform microorganisms in the calculation equation.
The Pampas region (Argentina) have suffered profound changes in the agroecosystems as a result of many pollutants generated by agricultural and livestock activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality of a microbasin belonging to the Burgos stream (San Pedro, Province of Buenos Aires) through the application of water quality indexes (ICAs), faecal contamination indica-tors and algae bioassays. Three samplings were carried out in 2015 and six sampling sites were selected, four along the tributary stream of order 1, and two in the stream. Two ICAs were used: ICA1, whose variables were temperature, OD and NH4+, and ICA2, whose variables were pH, OD, temperature, nitrates, PRS and faecal coliforms. According to the ICA1, water quality ranged from slight to very high pollution, and according to the ICA2, from regular to dreadful quality. The concentration of faecal indicators microorganisms was similar in all the samples, while significant differences were observed in the concentrations of Salmonella spp. According to the correlation analysis, precipitation would participate in the transport of coliform microorganisms to surface waters through surface runoff processes. On the other hand, the inhibition of algal growth would not be related to glyphosate, whose concentrations were between 0.35 and 13.57 μg/L. The results suggest that the application of different indicators could be a very useful tool to evaluate the environmental quality of surface waters from the Pampas plain, in particular the use of indexes including coliform microorganisms in the calculation equation.
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