Defoliation Tolerance and Ammonium Uptake Rate in Perennial Tussock Grasses
; Montenegro, Oscar Alberto ; Rodriguez, Gustavo Dionisio ; Giorgetti, Hugo Dosindo ; Montani, Tomás ; Bravo, Oscar Abel Otros responsables
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01/2004
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Society for Range Management
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Journal Of Range Management
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0022-409X
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Se ha demostrado que Stipa clarazii tiene una mayor tolerancia a la defoliación y capacidad competitiva que S. tenuis y S. ambigua, 3 especies de gramíneas perennes nativas en los pastizales naturales semiáridos del centro de Argentina. Los mecanismos que contribuyen a determinar su mayor tolerancia a la defoliación y capacidad competitiva, sin embargo, todavia no se han investigado. Se examinaron la tolerancia a la defoliación y las tasas de absorción de amonio en plantas defoliadas y no defoliadas de estas especies a 10, 25, y 50 ppm NH4 + usando soluciones de ( NH4)2 SO4 que contenian un enriquecimiento de 15 N del 60%. A mediados de primavera, una mayor producción de rebrote luego de la defoliación en S. clarazii que en S. tenuis y S. ambigua indicó una mayor tolerancia a la defoliación en la primera que en las otras dos especies. Stipa clarazii tuvo tasas de absorción de amonio similares o superiores, pero no menores, que S. tenuis y S. ambigua. Mayores tasas de absorción de amonio parecen ser uno de los mecanismos que contribuyen a determinar la mayor capacidad competitiva y tolerancia a la defoliación en Stipa clarazii que en las otras dos especies. Las plantas defoliadas de las tres especies tuvieron tasas de absorción de amonio similares o mayores que las plantas no defoliadas. Estos resultados sugieren que la restitución de la superficie fotosintetica se puede obtener sin sacrificar la función radical en estas especies, siempre y cuando las reservas de carbon no sean un factor limitante. Las tasas de absorcion de amonio fueron mayores cuando se incremento la concentración de NH4 + en las soluciones marcadas en Stipa clarazii, S. tenuis y S. ambigua. Este resultado demuestra la capacidad. del sistema radical para incrementar la adquisición de nutrientesdurante periodos de alta disponibilidad de recursos.
Stipa clarazii, Ball. has been shown to be more tolerant to defoliation and a superior competitor to S. tenuis Philo and S. ambigua Speg. 3 perennial grasses native to semiarid rangelands in central Argentina. Mechanisms contributing to its great defoliation tolerance and competitive ability, however, are largely unexplored. We examined tolerance to defoliation and ammonium uptake rates on defoliated and undefoliated plants of those species at 10, 25, and 50 ppm NH4 + using ( NH4)2 SO4 solutions containing 60 atom %15 N excess. By mid-spring, greater regrowth following defoliation in S. clarazii than in S. tenuis or S. ambigua indicated greater defoliation tolerance in the first than in the other 2 species. Stipa clarazii had similar of higher ammonium uptake rates than S. tenuis and S. ambigua. Higher ammonium uptake rates in S. clarazii thus appear to be one of the mechanisms most likely contributing to its greater competitive ability and defoliation tolerance when compared to the other 2 species. Defoliated plants of all 3 species had similar or greater ammonium uptake rates than undefoliated plants. These results suggest that photosynthetic canopy reestablishment may be achieved without sacrificing root function in these perennial grasses, at least as long as carbon reserves do not become a limiting factor. Ammonium uptake rates increased when NH4 + concentrations increased in the labeled solutions in S. clarazii, S. tenuis and S. ambigua. This result demonstrates the capacity of the root system for increasing nutrient acquisition during periods of high resource availability.
Stipa clarazii, Ball. has been shown to be more tolerant to defoliation and a superior competitor to S. tenuis Philo and S. ambigua Speg. 3 perennial grasses native to semiarid rangelands in central Argentina. Mechanisms contributing to its great defoliation tolerance and competitive ability, however, are largely unexplored. We examined tolerance to defoliation and ammonium uptake rates on defoliated and undefoliated plants of those species at 10, 25, and 50 ppm NH4 + using ( NH4)2 SO4 solutions containing 60 atom %15 N excess. By mid-spring, greater regrowth following defoliation in S. clarazii than in S. tenuis or S. ambigua indicated greater defoliation tolerance in the first than in the other 2 species. Stipa clarazii had similar of higher ammonium uptake rates than S. tenuis and S. ambigua. Higher ammonium uptake rates in S. clarazii thus appear to be one of the mechanisms most likely contributing to its greater competitive ability and defoliation tolerance when compared to the other 2 species. Defoliated plants of all 3 species had similar or greater ammonium uptake rates than undefoliated plants. These results suggest that photosynthetic canopy reestablishment may be achieved without sacrificing root function in these perennial grasses, at least as long as carbon reserves do not become a limiting factor. Ammonium uptake rates increased when NH4 + concentrations increased in the labeled solutions in S. clarazii, S. tenuis and S. ambigua. This result demonstrates the capacity of the root system for increasing nutrient acquisition during periods of high resource availability.
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