Habitat use and densities of two sympatric foxes in the Mburucuyá National Park (Iberá Wetlands ecoregion, Argentina) during the winter season
; Kowalewski, Miguel Martin
; Pereira, Javier Adolfo 
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Fecha
03/2025
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Asociación Argentina de Ecología
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Ecología Austral
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0327-5477
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En la Argentina, dos especies de zorros, Lycalopex gymnocercus y Cerdocyon thous —consideradas abundantes— solapan sus distribuciones en diversos ambientes naturales, transicionales y antropogénicos. Sin embargo, los estudios sobre el uso del hábitat y la estimación del tamaño poblacional en áreas de simpatría son escasos. Su baja densidad, comportamiento evasivo y similitudes morfológicas dificultan su identificación y estudio. El Parque Nacional Mburucuyá (Corrientes, Argentina), que preserva ecosistemas terrestres dentro de la región de los humedales del Iberá, fue seleccionado como sitio de estudio para evaluar el uso del hábitat de estas especies a partir de estimaciones de densidad. Los relevamientos se llevaron a cabo entre mayo y agosto de 2015, en períodos diurnos y nocturnos, a lo largo de 12 transectas lineales distribuidas en tres tipos de hábitat: bosque mesófilo, pastizal mesófilo y sabana de Butia yatay. Las detecciones obtenidas se analizaron mediante el método de muestreo jerárquico por distancia (HDS), aplicando una función de probabilidad para modelar la detección de individuos a distancias perpendiculares a la línea central de la transecta. Se registraron 63 detecciones de zorros tras un esfuerzo de muestreo de 103.8 km. De estas, 37 correspondieron a L. gymnocercus (51.4% en la sabana, 29.7% en el bosque y 18.9% en el pastizal), mientras que 26 se atribuyeron a C. thous (73.1% en la sabana). La densidad poblacional media se estimó en 0.27 individuos/km² para L. gymnocercus y 0.50 individuos/km² para C. thous. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre especies ni entre hábitats dentro de cada especie. Los resultados de este estudio contribuirán a comprender la coexistencia de estas especies, facilitarán las comparaciones con otras poblaciones en simpatría y permitirán evaluar sus respuestas a distintos niveles de impacto antropogénico.
In Argentina, two fox species, Lycalopex gymnocercus and Cerdocyon thous, which are considered to be abundant, overlap their distributions in a variety of natural, interface and anthropogenic environments. However, studies of habitat use and population size estimation in areas where they occur in sympatry are scarce due to their low density, evasive behavior and similar fur and adaptability, which combine to make them very elusive animals. In the Mburucuyá National Park (Mburucuyá, Corrientes, Argentina), a site that preserves the terrestrial environments of the Iberá wetlands, we conducted a study to determine the habitat use of these species based on density estimates. Surveys were conducted between May and August 2015, during both the diurnal and nocturnal periods, along 12 linear transects in three different habitat types: mesophileous forest, mesophileous grassland and Butia yatay savanna. The detections obtained were analyzed using the Hierarchical Distance Sampling (HDS) method, in accordance with a probability function for detecting individuals at distances perpendicular to the transect centerline. A total of 63 fox detections were obtained following a sampling effort of 103.8 km. Of the total detections, 37 were identified as belonging to L. gymnocercus (51.4% in savannah, 29.7% in forest and 18.9% in grassland), while 26 were attributed to C. thous (73.1% in savannah). The mean population density for L. gymnocercus was 0.27 individuals/km², while that for C. thous was 0.50 individuals/km². No significant statistical differences were observed between species or between habitat types for each species. The findings of this study will provide a basis for understanding species coexistence, facilitate comparisons with other populations of these species living in sympatry, and allow assessment of the responses of these carnivores in areas subjected to variable anthropogenic impacts.
In Argentina, two fox species, Lycalopex gymnocercus and Cerdocyon thous, which are considered to be abundant, overlap their distributions in a variety of natural, interface and anthropogenic environments. However, studies of habitat use and population size estimation in areas where they occur in sympatry are scarce due to their low density, evasive behavior and similar fur and adaptability, which combine to make them very elusive animals. In the Mburucuyá National Park (Mburucuyá, Corrientes, Argentina), a site that preserves the terrestrial environments of the Iberá wetlands, we conducted a study to determine the habitat use of these species based on density estimates. Surveys were conducted between May and August 2015, during both the diurnal and nocturnal periods, along 12 linear transects in three different habitat types: mesophileous forest, mesophileous grassland and Butia yatay savanna. The detections obtained were analyzed using the Hierarchical Distance Sampling (HDS) method, in accordance with a probability function for detecting individuals at distances perpendicular to the transect centerline. A total of 63 fox detections were obtained following a sampling effort of 103.8 km. Of the total detections, 37 were identified as belonging to L. gymnocercus (51.4% in savannah, 29.7% in forest and 18.9% in grassland), while 26 were attributed to C. thous (73.1% in savannah). The mean population density for L. gymnocercus was 0.27 individuals/km², while that for C. thous was 0.50 individuals/km². No significant statistical differences were observed between species or between habitat types for each species. The findings of this study will provide a basis for understanding species coexistence, facilitate comparisons with other populations of these species living in sympatry, and allow assessment of the responses of these carnivores in areas subjected to variable anthropogenic impacts.
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