Tuberculosis y la conformación de un mercado vacunal: Argentina 1921-1946

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Fecha
02/2025
Editorial
Universidad Pablo Olavide
Revista
Americanía. Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos
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2310-2799
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Español
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Entre las décadas de 1920 y 1940, la tuberculosis, a pesar de la disminución de su incidencia en las causas de muertes, aún era un grave problema sanitario. Apoyada en los clásicos recursos para combatirla, como internaciones en sanatorios con aire “cargado de ozono”, pero también con métodos quirúrgicos y químicos, la medicina buscaba aquella “bala de plata” que terminara para siempre con este terrible flagelo. La invención de una vacuna efectiva fue, entonces, una de esas opciones. Muchas de ellas pulularon en diversos países occidentales y en Argentina circularon algunas en distintos momentos entre los años veinte y los cuarenta: Ferrán, BCG, Friedmann, Pueyo, A-O japonesa. Esta circulación, que estuvo sustentada en diversas estrategias para imponerlas, constituyó un mercado vacunal. En esta ponencia analizamos las distintas opciones vacunales que desfilaron, las presentaciones para generar demandas, las críticas a sus competidoras, las ventajas y desventajas. El estudio se realiza a partir de actas de congresos, revistas científicas, periódicos, libros, etc.
Between the 1920s and 1940s, tuberc ulosis, despite the decrease in its incidence as a cause of death, was still a serious health problem. Supported by classic resources to combat it, such as hospitalizat ion in sanatori um s with air “laden with ozone”, but also with surgical and chemical methods, medicine was looking for that “silver bullet” that would put an end to this terrible scourge forever. The invention of an effective vacc ine was, then, one of those options. Many of them swarmed in various Western count ries and some circulat e d in Argentina at different times between the 1920s and the 1940s: Ferrán, BCG, Friedmann, Pueyo, Japane se A-O. This circulation, which was supported by various strategies to impose them, constitut ed a vacc ine market. In this presentation we analyze the different vaccine options that were paraded, the presentat ions t o generate demands, the criticism of their competit ors, the advantages and disadvantages. The study is carried out from conferenc e proceedings, scientific journals, newspapers, books, etc.
Between the 1920s and 1940s, tuberc ulosis, despite the decrease in its incidence as a cause of death, was still a serious health problem. Supported by classic resources to combat it, such as hospitalizat ion in sanatori um s with air “laden with ozone”, but also with surgical and chemical methods, medicine was looking for that “silver bullet” that would put an end to this terrible scourge forever. The invention of an effective vacc ine was, then, one of those options. Many of them swarmed in various Western count ries and some circulat e d in Argentina at different times between the 1920s and the 1940s: Ferrán, BCG, Friedmann, Pueyo, Japane se A-O. This circulation, which was supported by various strategies to impose them, constitut ed a vacc ine market. In this presentation we analyze the different vaccine options that were paraded, the presentat ions t o generate demands, the criticism of their competit ors, the advantages and disadvantages. The study is carried out from conferenc e proceedings, scientific journals, newspapers, books, etc.
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