Teologías situadas en Corea del Sur y Argentina: un estudio comparativo de la Teología Minjung y la Teología del pueblo durante los regímenes autoritarios del siglo XX
; Forni, Pablo Floreal 
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Fecha
12/2025
Editorial
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Revista
'Ilu
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ISSN
1135-4712
eISSN
1988-3269
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Español
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Resumen
La historia del cristianismo en Corea se remonta al siglo XVIII. Sin embargo, no fue hasta los años 60 y 70 del siglo pasado que los profesores de teología coreanos elaboraron formulaciones originales de una teología autónoma. Éstas tuvieron un gran impacto no sólo en el cristianismo sino también en los movimientos por la democracia. A diferencia de Corea, el origen del catolicismo en la Argentina se remonta a la conquista española durante el siglo XVI, mucho antes de la existencia del estado argentino. Pero, al igual que Corea, recién en la década de los 60 aparecen por primera vez discusiones teológicas nativistas. Este revisionismo cristiano dio origen a la Teología Minjung coreana y a la Teología del Pueblo argentina que comparten similitudes significativas en sus categorías de pueblo y de cultura popular como principios claves para comprender la historia de las luchas y el sufrimiento del pueblo en sus respectivos contextos. A pesar de estas semejanzas, no hay trabajos comparativos sobre ambos movimientos teológicos. Recuperando los debates sobre la indigenización teológica desde la metodología comparativa propuesta por Geertz para el estudio de las creencias, la hipótesis que guía este artículo sostiene que, en las antípodas del mundo, en dos contextos religiosos disímiles y sin contacto entre sí, surgen en la misma época dos teologías contextuales similares en sus principios teológicos claves. Este estudio se basa en una metodología cualitativa con triangulación de fuentes y trabajo de campo realizado en Argentina y en Corea del Sur entre 2022 y 2024.
The history of Christianity in Korea dates back to the 18th century; however, it was not until the 1960s and 1970s that Korean theology professors developed original formulations of an autonomous theology that had a major impact not only on Christianity but also on democracy movements. Unlike Korea, the origin of Catholicism in Argentina dates back to the Spanish conquest during the 16th century, long before the existence of the Argentine state. However, like Korea, nativist theological discussions first emerged in the 1960s. This Christian revisionism gave rise to Korean Minjung Theology and Argentine Theology of the People, which share significant similarities in their categories of people and popular culture as key principles for understanding the history of people’s struggles and suffering in their respective contexts. Despite these similarities, there are no comparative works on the two theological movements. Recovering the debates on theological indigenization from the comparative methodology proposed by Geertz for the study of beliefs, the hypothesis guiding this article claims that, at the antipodes of the world, in two dissimilar religious contexts without contact with each other, two contextual theologies similar in their key theological principles emerge at the same time. This study is based on a qualitative methodology with triangulation of sources and fieldwork conducted in Argentina and South Korea between 2022 and 2024.
The history of Christianity in Korea dates back to the 18th century; however, it was not until the 1960s and 1970s that Korean theology professors developed original formulations of an autonomous theology that had a major impact not only on Christianity but also on democracy movements. Unlike Korea, the origin of Catholicism in Argentina dates back to the Spanish conquest during the 16th century, long before the existence of the Argentine state. However, like Korea, nativist theological discussions first emerged in the 1960s. This Christian revisionism gave rise to Korean Minjung Theology and Argentine Theology of the People, which share significant similarities in their categories of people and popular culture as key principles for understanding the history of people’s struggles and suffering in their respective contexts. Despite these similarities, there are no comparative works on the two theological movements. Recovering the debates on theological indigenization from the comparative methodology proposed by Geertz for the study of beliefs, the hypothesis guiding this article claims that, at the antipodes of the world, in two dissimilar religious contexts without contact with each other, two contextual theologies similar in their key theological principles emerge at the same time. This study is based on a qualitative methodology with triangulation of sources and fieldwork conducted in Argentina and South Korea between 2022 and 2024.
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