De la ordenanza a su aplicación efectiva: Luces y sombras en el recupero de valorizaciones inmobiliarias. Los casos de Santa Fe, Santo Tomé y Esperanza (Argentina) entre 2011 y 2022

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12/2023
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Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito
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Revista de Direito da Cidade
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2317-7721
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La investigación asume el objetivo de caracterizar las experiencias recientes de captación de plusvalías urbanas por parte de tres Estados locales del Área Metropolitana Santa Fe (Argentina): Santa Fe, Esperanza y Santo Tomé. De perfil exploratorio, las fuentes de información consultadas a tal fin son: a) ordenanzas y convenios urbanísticos que regulan tal captación; b) entrevistas semiestructuradas con funcionarios y concejales responsables de dichas ordenanzas y c) registros periodísticos. La evidencia obtenida informa que los Departamentos Ejecutivos de los Estados locales observados hacen un uso de la normativa que desnaturaliza su potencial redistributivo: vetos parciales que reducen la tipificación de hechos generadores pasibles de pagar plusvalía urbana; no reglamentación -y consecuente no aplicaciónde la normativa disponible; no publicidad del nivel de dinero o especies recuperado ni del destino dado. Así, instrumentos que con otra aplicación podrían contribuir a que los Estados locales amplíen bancos de tierra, urbanicen suelo o provean infraestructura en áreas urbanas carentes de ellas, son utilizados para afrontar obras menores que alteran sólo en el margen la marcada desigualdad socioespacial propia de las tres ciudades estudiadas, de modo que la renta creada por la expansión urbana es mayoritariamente apropiada por los actores ligados al desarrollo inmobiliario.
The research assumes the objective of characterizing the recent experiences of capturing urban capital gains by three local States of the Santa Fe Metropolitan Area (Argentina): Santa Fe, Esperanza and Santo Tome. With an exploratory profile, the sources of information consulted for this purpose are: a) ordinances and urban agreements that regulate such collection; b) semi-structured interviews with officials and councillors responsible for these ordinances and c) journalistic records. The evidence obtained informs that the Executive Departments of the local States observed make use of the regulations that distort its redistributive potential: partial vetoes that reduce the classification of generating events liable to pay urban surplus value; non-regulation -and consequent non-application- of the available regulations; no publicity of the level of money or species recovered or of the destination given. Thus, instruments that with another application could contribute to local States expanding land banks, urbanizing land, or providing infrastructure in urban areas lacking them, they are used to face minor works that alter only at the margin the marked socio-spatial inequality that characterizes the three cities studied, so that the rent created by urban sprawl is appropriated by actors linked to real estate development.
The research assumes the objective of characterizing the recent experiences of capturing urban capital gains by three local States of the Santa Fe Metropolitan Area (Argentina): Santa Fe, Esperanza and Santo Tome. With an exploratory profile, the sources of information consulted for this purpose are: a) ordinances and urban agreements that regulate such collection; b) semi-structured interviews with officials and councillors responsible for these ordinances and c) journalistic records. The evidence obtained informs that the Executive Departments of the local States observed make use of the regulations that distort its redistributive potential: partial vetoes that reduce the classification of generating events liable to pay urban surplus value; non-regulation -and consequent non-application- of the available regulations; no publicity of the level of money or species recovered or of the destination given. Thus, instruments that with another application could contribute to local States expanding land banks, urbanizing land, or providing infrastructure in urban areas lacking them, they are used to face minor works that alter only at the margin the marked socio-spatial inequality that characterizes the three cities studied, so that the rent created by urban sprawl is appropriated by actors linked to real estate development.
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