Biomarcadores de daño genético en poblaciones humanas expuestas a plaguicidas
; Bosch Gentile, Beatriz ; Bernardi, Natalí Gisela ; Gorla, Nora Bibiana Maria 
Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2012
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Biología
Revista
Acta Biológica Colombiana
Título del libro
Nombre del evento
Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
0120-548X
eISSN
1900-1649
ISBN
Idioma
Español
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Clasificación temática
Palabras clave
Resumen
El efecto de los plaguicidas sobre la salud humana, animal y ambiental es preocupación de la comunidad científica desde hace mucho tiempo. Numerosos estudios reportan que los plaguicidas no son inofensivos y que su uso puede conducir a efectos biológicos dañinos a mediano y a largo plazo, en los grupos humanos y animales expuestos, en el presente o en los descendientes. La importancia en la detección precoz del daño ge- nético radica en que permite tomar las medidas necesarias para disminuir o suprimir la exposición al agente deletéreo cuando aún éste es reversible, y de ese modo prevenir y disminuir el riesgo de desarrollar neoplasias y otras alteraciones patológicas. En este tra- bajo se revisan los principales conceptos en la temática, la utilidad de los estudios de genotoxicidad y se hace referencia a los trabajos realizados en los últimos veinticinco años sobre monitoreo genético de personas expuestas laboralmente a plaguicidas. Los ensayos de genotoxicidad, que incluyen aberraciones cromosómicas, micronúcleos, intercambio de cromátidas hermanas y cometa, deberían ser considerados como herra- mientas indispensables en la implementación de una vigilancia médica completa en personas potencialmente expuestas a diversos contaminantes ambientales y en especial aquellas que habitan en el mismo lugar con personas que ya han desarrollado algún tipo de neoplasia en edades tempranas, con el fin de prevenir la ocurrencia de tumores de origen ambiental y especialmente laboral.
The effect of pesticides on human, animal and environmental health has been cause of concern in the scientific community for a long time. Numerous studies have reported that pesticides are not harmless and that their use can lead to harmful biological effects in the medium and long term, in exposed human and animals, and their offspring. The importance of early detection of genetic damage is that it allows us to take the necessary measures to reduce or eliminate the exposure to the deleterious agent when damage is still reversible, and thus to prevent and to diminish the risk of developing tumors or other alterations. In this paper we reviewed the main concepts in the field, the usefulness of genotoxicity studies and we compiled studies performed during the last twenty years on genetic monitoring of people occupationally exposed to pesticides. We think that genotoxicity tests, including that include chromosomal aberrations, micronucleous, sister chromatid exchanges and comet assays, should be considered as essential tools in the implementation of complete medicalsupervision for people exposed to potential environmental pollutants, particularly for those living in the same place as others who where others have already developed some type of malignancy. This action is particularly important at early stages to prevent the occurrence of tumors, especially from environmental origins.
The effect of pesticides on human, animal and environmental health has been cause of concern in the scientific community for a long time. Numerous studies have reported that pesticides are not harmless and that their use can lead to harmful biological effects in the medium and long term, in exposed human and animals, and their offspring. The importance of early detection of genetic damage is that it allows us to take the necessary measures to reduce or eliminate the exposure to the deleterious agent when damage is still reversible, and thus to prevent and to diminish the risk of developing tumors or other alterations. In this paper we reviewed the main concepts in the field, the usefulness of genotoxicity studies and we compiled studies performed during the last twenty years on genetic monitoring of people occupationally exposed to pesticides. We think that genotoxicity tests, including that include chromosomal aberrations, micronucleous, sister chromatid exchanges and comet assays, should be considered as essential tools in the implementation of complete medicalsupervision for people exposed to potential environmental pollutants, particularly for those living in the same place as others who where others have already developed some type of malignancy. This action is particularly important at early stages to prevent the occurrence of tumors, especially from environmental origins.
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