Protocolo para la propagación por minicepas y miniestacas de yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.)
; Gortari, Fermin
; Morales, Valeria ; Niella, Fernando Omar Otros responsables
Fecha
09/2019
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de La Plata
Revista
Innovación y Desarrollo Tecnológico y Social
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2683-8559
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La domesticación de la yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil) es muy reciente,razón por la cual, las plantaciones son heterogéneas, presentan plantas de diferentes tamaños,crecimiento y vigor, resistencia a enfermedades y tipo de hojas entre otras. Esta variación sedebe fundamentalmente a que las plantas son multiplicadas por semillas y en consecuenciaocurre una gran segregación de caracteres. A su vez, la producción de plantines de yerba matedesde semillas presenta una serie de limitantes: bajo porcentaje de germinación (13% a 14%),largo periodo para el comienzo de la germinación (100 y 365 días), las semillas de calidadgenética son escasas y caras, se debe realizar el trasplante al contenedor final, elevado costoen mano de obra y largo período de viverización (12 a 15 meses).La técnica de propagación vegetativa por minicepas y miniestacas, desarrollada y descripta enel presente trabajo, es una alternativa a la producción de plantines por semillas, dado quepermite aumentar la producción de propágulos (miniestacas) por unidad de superficie, con unmenor tiempo de viverización. Además, esta técnica puede ser adaptada a la realidad de lospequeños y medianos productores.El objetivo del proyecto fue desarrollar una metodología de propagación vegetativa de yerbamate, que maximice el uso del espacio en el vivero, aumente la tasa de multiplicación yhomogeneidad en el manejo de vivero, factible de ser implementada por pequeños y medianosviveristas.
Domestication of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil) is very recent, therefore, the plantations are heterogeneous, presenting plants of different sizes, growth and vigor, resistance to diseases and type of leaves among others. This variation is mainly due to the fact that plants are producedfrom seeds and consequently a high segregation of characters occurs. At the same time, plant production fromseedspresents low percentage of germination (13% to 14%), long period for the beginning of the germination (100 and 365 days), high labor cost and long period of nursing (12 to 15 months), andseed with genetic quality is scarce and expensive. The technique of vegetative propagation by ministumps and minicuttings, developed and described in the present work, is an alternative to the production of seedlings, since it allows to increase the production of propagules (minicuttings) per unit area, with a shorter time of nursing. In addition, this technique can be adapted to the reality of small and medium nurseries. The objective of the project was to develop a methodology of vegetative propagation of yerba mate, which maximizes the use of space in the nursery, increases the multiplication rate and homogeneity in nursery management; feasible to be implemented by small and medium nurserymen.
Domestication of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil) is very recent, therefore, the plantations are heterogeneous, presenting plants of different sizes, growth and vigor, resistance to diseases and type of leaves among others. This variation is mainly due to the fact that plants are producedfrom seeds and consequently a high segregation of characters occurs. At the same time, plant production fromseedspresents low percentage of germination (13% to 14%), long period for the beginning of the germination (100 and 365 days), high labor cost and long period of nursing (12 to 15 months), andseed with genetic quality is scarce and expensive. The technique of vegetative propagation by ministumps and minicuttings, developed and described in the present work, is an alternative to the production of seedlings, since it allows to increase the production of propagules (minicuttings) per unit area, with a shorter time of nursing. In addition, this technique can be adapted to the reality of small and medium nurseries. The objective of the project was to develop a methodology of vegetative propagation of yerba mate, which maximizes the use of space in the nursery, increases the multiplication rate and homogeneity in nursery management; feasible to be implemented by small and medium nurserymen.
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