El sentido como mundo de la vida: Las indecisiones sobre su dimensión social en Habermas

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03/2021
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El Colegio de Jalisco
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Intersticios Sociales
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2007-4964
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Este artículo analiza el problema del sentido en la perspectiva de Habermas a partir del concepto de mundo de la vida, desplegado en su obra clave de teoría sociológica Teoría de la acción comunicativa. Este trasfondo aproblemático de sentido, en tanto trasfondo o “condición de posibilidad” de lo social, al racionalizarse comunicativamente, se ve “parcelado” entre cultura, sociedad y personalidad. Así, su estudio implica una serie de equivalencias y mediaciones, por ejemplo, entre tipos de acción, actos de habla y criterios de validez. Asimismo, esta específica forma histórica del sentido en la modernidad señala dos procesos decisivos, de características patológicas: la “colonización” y la “desertización” del mundo de la vida. En tal contexto, este artículo rastrea el “enigma” teórico habermasiano acerca de la relación entre el sentido y su dimensión social. Se delinean tres posibles respuestas a ese enigma, entre las cuales Habermas no se decide en Teoría de la acción comunicativa: una “culturalista”, una “estética” y una “jurídica”.
This article analyzes the problem of meaning in the perspective of Habermas based on the concept of lifeworld as it is developed in his key work on sociological theory, The Theory of Communicative Action. This unproblematic background of meaning, as the “condition of possibility” of the social, through its communicative rationalization, becomes “parceled” into culture, society, and personality. Thus, his study involves a series of equivalences and mediations among, for example, types of action, speech acts, and claims to validity. This specific historical form of meaning in modernity points, moreover, to two key processes with pathological characteristics; that is, the “colonization” and the “desertification” of the lifeworld. It is in this context that the article traces Habermas’ theoretical “enigma” concerning the relationship between meaning and its social dimension, and outlines three possible answers to this enigma, which Habermas discusses but does not resolve in his The Theory of Communicative Action: one “culturalist” in nature, one “aesthetic”, and one “legal”.
This article analyzes the problem of meaning in the perspective of Habermas based on the concept of lifeworld as it is developed in his key work on sociological theory, The Theory of Communicative Action. This unproblematic background of meaning, as the “condition of possibility” of the social, through its communicative rationalization, becomes “parceled” into culture, society, and personality. Thus, his study involves a series of equivalences and mediations among, for example, types of action, speech acts, and claims to validity. This specific historical form of meaning in modernity points, moreover, to two key processes with pathological characteristics; that is, the “colonization” and the “desertification” of the lifeworld. It is in this context that the article traces Habermas’ theoretical “enigma” concerning the relationship between meaning and its social dimension, and outlines three possible answers to this enigma, which Habermas discusses but does not resolve in his The Theory of Communicative Action: one “culturalist” in nature, one “aesthetic”, and one “legal”.
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