Argumentación científica escolar y su contribución al aprendizaje del tema «salud y enfermedad»

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Fecha
04/2021
Editorial
Universidad de Cádiz
Revista
Eureka
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ISSN
1697-011X
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Español
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Resumen
El presente artículo pretende contribuir a la discusión sobre los alcances que tiene la argumentación científica escolar en el aprendizaje de las ciencias experimentales y particularmente de los conceptos de salud y enfermedad. En primer lugar, se articulan diversos aportes teóricos sobre la argumentación y se precisa el posicionamiento ilocutivo de este trabajo. Luego se discute una secuencia didáctica, puesta en aula por una de los autores, que persiguió el objetivo de que estudiantes de enseñanza secundaria argumentaran en torno a la enfermedad llamada porfiria eritropoyética congénita apuntando a audiencias específicas. En la secuencia didáctica se acompañó al estudiantado en la producción de sus argumentos y se apoyó la inclusión de cuatro componentes específicas en sus textos: teórica, lógica, pragmática y retórica. Aquí se analizan las producciones escritas, derivadas de una tarea de retextualización, de un grupo de cinco estudiantes seleccionados intencionadamente, con el fin de identificar posibles aportes del proceso de argumentación al aprendizaje de los conceptos de salud en juego.
This article intends to contribute to the discussion around the scope of school scientific argumentation in the learning of science and in particular of the concepts of health and disease. In the first place, various theoretical contributions on argumentation are presented, and the illocutionary positioning of this study is specified. Then, a didactical sequence is discussed; the sequence was implemented in the classroom by one of the authors, and had as aim that secondary-school students argued about the disease called congenital erythropoietic porphyria targeting specific audiences. In the sequence, students were accompanied in the production of their arguments and the inclusion of four specific components in their texts was supported: theoretical, logical, pragmatic and rhetorical. Here, the written productions, derived from a task of re-textualisation, of a group of five intentionally selected students are analysed in order to identify possible contributions of the argumentation process to the learning of the concepts of health that were being discussed.
This article intends to contribute to the discussion around the scope of school scientific argumentation in the learning of science and in particular of the concepts of health and disease. In the first place, various theoretical contributions on argumentation are presented, and the illocutionary positioning of this study is specified. Then, a didactical sequence is discussed; the sequence was implemented in the classroom by one of the authors, and had as aim that secondary-school students argued about the disease called congenital erythropoietic porphyria targeting specific audiences. In the sequence, students were accompanied in the production of their arguments and the inclusion of four specific components in their texts was supported: theoretical, logical, pragmatic and rhetorical. Here, the written productions, derived from a task of re-textualisation, of a group of five intentionally selected students are analysed in order to identify possible contributions of the argumentation process to the learning of the concepts of health that were being discussed.
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