La Doctrina de Seguridad Nacional en América Latina. Un repaso por los estudios clásicos y sus críticos

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Fecha
09/2022
Editorial
Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani. Unidad de Docencia e Investigaciones Sociohistóricas de América Latina
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E-l@tina
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1666-9606
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Resumen
Este artículo propone una revisión de la literatura sobre la Doctrina de Seguridad Nacional (DSN) a través del abordaje de estudios pioneros que la describen como un fenómeno latinoamericano. Se analiza dicha literatura a partir de dos objetivos: dar cuenta de qué es la DSN y cómo la caracterizaron, y mostrar cómo explican su elaboración o incorporación en la región. Clasifica la literatura en dos corrientes, “clásica” y “crítica”. La primera concibe a la DSN como un corpus de ideas originadasen el exterior –principalmente Estados Unidos- que fue absorbida por las fuerzas armadas latinoamericanas. La segunda se sitúa de manera crítica a la anterior, niega la sistematicidad de la DSN y su penetración homogénea en la región; enfatiza en los diferentes orígenes y temporalidades de sus componentes, y en los procesos internos que la habilitaron. Afirma que las diferencias entre ambas derivan de su forma de concebir la Guerra Fría, las determinaciones que ésta supone y el vínculo centro-periferia, y que las mismas se comprenden al situar las respectivas corrientes en el campo intelectual latinoamericano en el que emergen.
This article proposes a review of the studies about the National Security Doctrine (DSN) by means of approaching pioneering studies that describe it as a Latin American phenomenon. This literature is analyzed based on two objectives: to account for the DSN and how is it characterized, and to show how these studies explain the process of development or incorporation of the DSN in the region. The literature is classified into two tendencies, "classical" and "critical". The first conceives the DSN as a corpus of ideas originating abroad –mainly in the United States- and absorbed by the Latin American armed forces. The second one has a critically stance regarding the latter, it denies the systematic nature of the DSN and its homogeneous penetration in the region; emphasizes the different origins and temporalities of its components, and the internal processes that enabled it. It is established that the differences between them derive from their way of conceiving the Cold War, the determinations that it entails, and the link between center and periphery, and that those differences are understood when situating the respective currents in the Latin American intellectual field in which they emerge.
This article proposes a review of the studies about the National Security Doctrine (DSN) by means of approaching pioneering studies that describe it as a Latin American phenomenon. This literature is analyzed based on two objectives: to account for the DSN and how is it characterized, and to show how these studies explain the process of development or incorporation of the DSN in the region. The literature is classified into two tendencies, "classical" and "critical". The first conceives the DSN as a corpus of ideas originating abroad –mainly in the United States- and absorbed by the Latin American armed forces. The second one has a critically stance regarding the latter, it denies the systematic nature of the DSN and its homogeneous penetration in the region; emphasizes the different origins and temporalities of its components, and the internal processes that enabled it. It is established that the differences between them derive from their way of conceiving the Cold War, the determinations that it entails, and the link between center and periphery, and that those differences are understood when situating the respective currents in the Latin American intellectual field in which they emerge.
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