Surface track potential created by fast protons at LiF surfaces.

Abstract

A model based on atomic ionization of F- sites at the surface is used to calculate the surface track potential created by fast protons at LiF surfaces. For 100-keV protons at grazing incidence, we find that the track potential close to the surface plays a significant role in determining the shift to lower energies of the convoy electron peak with respect to the unperturbed cusp value.