The relationship between executive functions and theory of mind: A long and winding road

Abstract

The term Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the ability to infer others’ mental states, and it has been related to frontal functioning. This brain area is also supposed to support Executive Functions (EF), broadly considered as processes that control and organise cognition and behaviour. Besides depending on closely related brain circuits, both ToM and EF jointly develop during infancy. Also, certain executive processes—such as inhibitory control or cognitive flexibility—are clearly needed to understand what other people might be feeling or thinking.