La mirada necesariamente «desconfiada» de las fuentes

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Fecha
06/2025
Editorial
Universidad de la Laguna
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Cliocanarias
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2695-4494
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Resumen
Este aporte intenta reflexionar sobre la importancia de analizar, lo más reflexivamente posible, las fuentes documentales y las imágenes y mapas en los que basamos nuestras investigaciones, evitando dar por sentado que siempre reflejan realidades objetivamente indiscutibles. De hecho, a medida que avanzamos en nuestro objeto de estudio, muchas veces descubrimos que tales «supuestas verdades» reflejadas por las fuentes deben ser necesariamente revisadas a la luz de producciones empíricas más o menos recientes. En el caso argentino, ha habido tradicionalmente una tendencia generalizada a encerrar la historia nacional en los límites territoriales del Estado-nación, aun cuando el país todavía no existía como tal, desconociendo las importantes relaciones de todo tipo que se mantenían con los territorios hispano-criollos más cercanos o con las poblaciones indígenas originarias. Igual ocurre con las periodizaciones que, en muchos casos, han supuesto la ruptura de tales relaciones en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Junto con otras muchas investigaciones regionales, desde la Patagonia argentina hemos demostrado la invalidez de esos supuestos y la larga duración de esos contactos hasta bien avanzado el siglo XX.
This contribution attempts to reflect on the importance of analyzing, in the most thoughtful way possible, the documentary sources and the images and maps on which we base our research, avoiding assuming that they always reflect objectively indisputable realities. In fact, as we advance in our object of study, we often discover that such «supposed truths» reflected by the sources must necessarily be reviewed in the light of more or less recent empirical productions. In the Argentine case, there has traditionally been a general tendency to enclose national history within the territorial limits of the Nation-State, even when the country did not yet exist as such, ignoring the important relationships of all kinds that were maintained with the closest Hispanic-Creole territories or with the original indigenous populations. The same occurs with periodization that, in many cases, have meant the rupture of such relationships in the second half of the 19th century. Along with other regional research, from Argentine Patagonia we have demonstrated the invalidity of these assumptions and the long duration of these contacts well into the 20th century.
This contribution attempts to reflect on the importance of analyzing, in the most thoughtful way possible, the documentary sources and the images and maps on which we base our research, avoiding assuming that they always reflect objectively indisputable realities. In fact, as we advance in our object of study, we often discover that such «supposed truths» reflected by the sources must necessarily be reviewed in the light of more or less recent empirical productions. In the Argentine case, there has traditionally been a general tendency to enclose national history within the territorial limits of the Nation-State, even when the country did not yet exist as such, ignoring the important relationships of all kinds that were maintained with the closest Hispanic-Creole territories or with the original indigenous populations. The same occurs with periodization that, in many cases, have meant the rupture of such relationships in the second half of the 19th century. Along with other regional research, from Argentine Patagonia we have demonstrated the invalidity of these assumptions and the long duration of these contacts well into the 20th century.
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